French Food Safety Agency (AFSSA), Direction of Risk Assessment for Nutrition and Food Safety, Office of Scientific Support for Risk Assessment, Dietary Survey Unit - Nutritional Epidemiology, 27-31 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
Br J Nutr. 2010 Apr;103(7):1035-48. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509992625. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
Two independent cross-sectional dietary surveys (the Individual and National Food Consumption Surveys, INCA), performed in 1998-99 (INCA1) and in 2006-07 (INCA2) on nationally representative samples of French people, were used to analyse trends in the dietary habits and nutritional intake of French adults. Food consumption was recorded through 7-d dietary records, and nutritional intakes were assessed using the French food composition database. After exclusion of under-reporters, analyses were performed on 3267 adults, aged 18-79 years: 1345 from INCA1 and 1922 from INCA2. The trends highlighted over the 8-year period showed a decrease in consumption of dairy products, meat, bread, potatoes, pastries/croissant-like pastries/cakes/biscuits and sugar/confectionery. In contrast, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, rice, ice cream and chocolate increased. Other food groups, like fish and snacking foods, remained stable. Food choices were mostly age specific. These age differences remained consistent over the years and underlined two opposite dietary trends: a 'traditional' one mainly followed by the elderly, and a 'snacking and convenience' one mainly adopted by young adults. The overall trends in food consumption did not influence the mean energy intake, but did slightly modify the contribution of each macronutrient to energy intake. These repeated surveys highlighted the fact that trends in French food habits have moved towards an average European diet at the crossroads between Mediterranean and Northern diets, and that food consumption changes impacted, to a lesser extent, nutritional intake.
利用 1998-99 年（INCA1）和 2006-07 年（INCA2）进行的两次独立的横断面饮食调查（个体和国家食物消费调查，INCA），对法国人群进行了全国代表性样本分析，以研究法国成年人饮食习惯和营养摄入的趋势。通过 7 天饮食记录来记录食物消耗，使用法国食物成分数据库评估营养摄入。排除低报告者后，对 3267 名年龄在 18-79 岁的成年人进行了分析：INCA1 中有 1345 人，INCA2 中有 1922 人。8 年间的趋势显示，乳制品、肉类、面包、土豆、糕点/牛角面包/蛋糕/饼干和糖/糖果的消耗量有所下降。相比之下，水果和蔬菜、大米、冰淇淋和巧克力的消耗量有所增加。其他食物组，如鱼类和零食，保持稳定。食物选择主要是年龄特定的。这些年龄差异多年来保持一致，强调了两种相反的饮食趋势：一种是以老年人为主的“传统”饮食，另一种是以年轻人为主的“零食和便利”饮食。食物消费的总体趋势并没有影响平均能量摄入，但略微改变了每种宏量营养素对能量摄入的贡献。这些反复的调查强调了这样一个事实，即法国饮食习惯的趋势已经朝着欧洲平均饮食方向发展，在地中海和北方饮食之间的十字路口，食物消费的变化对营养摄入的影响较小。
