Centre for Energy Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Bioresour Technol. 2010 Mar;101(6):1570-80. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.046. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
The recently identified limitations of 1st-generation biofuels produced from food crops (with perhaps the exception of sugarcane ethanol) have caused greater emphasis to be placed on 2nd-generation biofuels produced from ligno-cellulosic feedstocks. Although significant progress continues to be made to overcome the technical and economic challenges, 2nd-generation biofuels production will continue to face major constraints to full commercial deployment. The logistics of providing a competitive, all-year-round, supply of biomass feedstock to a commercial-scale plant is challenging, as is improving the performance of the conversion process to reduce costs. The biochemical route, being less mature, probably has a greater cost reduction potential than the thermo-chemical route, but here a wider range of synthetic fuels can be produced to better suit heavy truck, aviation and marine applications. Continued investment in research and demonstration by both public and private sectors, coupled with appropriate policy support mechanisms, are essential if full commercialisation is to be achieved within the next decade. After that, the biofuel industry will grow only at a steady rate and encompass both 1st- and 2nd-generation technologies that meet agreed environmental, sustainability and economic policy goals.
第一代生物燃料是利用粮食作物生产的（或许甘蔗乙醇除外），最近发现其存在局限性，因此人们更加重视利用木质纤维素原料生产第二代生物燃料。虽然在克服技术和经济挑战方面继续取得重大进展，但第二代生物燃料生产要全面实现商业化部署仍将面临重大制约。为商业化规模的工厂提供具有竞争力的全年生物质原料供应的后勤工作具有挑战性，提高转化过程的性能以降低成本也具有挑战性。生化途径不太成熟，其降低成本的潜力可能比热化学途径更大，但在这里可以生产出更多种类的合成燃料，以更好地满足重型卡车、航空和航海应用的需求。如果要在未来十年内实现全面商业化，公共和私营部门都必须继续在研究和示范方面进行投资，并辅以适当的政策支持机制。在此之后，生物燃料行业的增长将是稳定的，并且将同时包含符合环境、可持续性和经济政策目标的第一代和第二代技术。
