Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1876, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2009 Dec;16(6):1082-8. doi: 10.3758/PBR.16.6.1082.
The strange feeling of having been somewhere or done something before--even though there is evidence to the contrary--is called déjà vu. Although déjà vu is beginning to receive attention among scientists (Brown, 2003, 2004), few studies have empirically investigated the phenomenon. We investigated the hypothesis that déjà vu is related to feelings of familiarity and that it can result from similarity between a novel scene and that of a scene experienced in one's past. We used a variation of the recognition-without-recall method of studying familiarity (Cleary, 2004) to examine instances in which participants failed to recall a studied scene in response to a configurally similar novel test scene. In such instances, resemblance to a previously viewed scene increased both feelings of familiarity and of déjà vu. Furthermore, in the absence of recall, resemblance of a novel scene to a previously viewed scene increased the probability of a reported déjà vu state for the novel scene, and feelings of familiarity with a novel scene were directly related to feelings of being in a déjà vu state.
人们有一种奇怪的感觉，觉得以前曾经到过某个地方或做过某件事——尽管有相反的证据——这种感觉被称为“既视感”。尽管“既视感”开始引起科学家的关注（Brown，2003，2004），但很少有研究从实证的角度研究这种现象。我们假设“既视感”与熟悉感有关，并且它可能是由新场景与过去经历过的场景之间的相似性引起的。我们使用了一种熟悉感的无回忆识别方法的变体（Cleary，2004）来研究参与者未能回忆起一个学习过的场景，而对一个结构相似的新测试场景做出反应的情况。在这种情况下，与先前观看过的场景的相似性增加了熟悉感和既视感。此外，在没有回忆的情况下，新场景与先前观看过的场景的相似性增加了报告新场景处于既视感状态的概率，并且对新场景的熟悉感与处于既视感状态的感觉直接相关。
