Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2019 Aug;26(4):1433-1439. doi: 10.3758/s13423-019-01578-w.
Recent research links reports of déjà vu - the feeling of having experienced something before despite knowing otherwise - with an illusory feeling of prediction. In the present study, a new finding is presented in which reports of déjà vu are associated not only with a predictive bias, but also with a postdictive bias, whereby people are more likely to feel that an event unfolded as expected after the event prompted déjà vu than after it did not. During a virtual tour, feelings of predicting the next turn were more likely during reported déjà vu, as in prior research. Then, after actually seeing the turn, participants exhibited a postdictive bias toward feeling that the scene unfolded as expected following déjà vu reports. This postdictive bias following déjà vu reports was associated with higher perceived scene familiarity intensity. A potential reason for this association may be that high familiarity intensity as an event outcome unfolds falsely signals confirmatory evidence of having sensed all along how it would unfold. Future research should further investigate this possibility.
最近的研究将似曾相识的报告（尽管知道并非如此，但仍然感觉自己经历过某事）与虚幻的预测感联系起来。在本研究中，提出了一个新的发现，即似曾相识的报告不仅与预测偏差有关，而且与后预测偏差有关，即在事件引发似曾相识之后，人们更有可能感到事件按照预期展开，而不是在事件没有引发似曾相识之后。在虚拟游览中，报告似曾相识时更有可能预测下一个转弯，这与之前的研究一致。然后，在实际看到转弯后，参与者在报告似曾相识后表现出了对感觉场景按照预期展开的后预测偏差。这种在报告似曾相识后出现的后预测偏差与更高的感知场景熟悉度强度有关。这种关联的一个潜在原因可能是，作为事件结果的高熟悉度强度错误地发出了已经感知到事件展开方式的确认性证据。未来的研究应该进一步探讨这种可能性。
