Upline Resources Foundation, P.O. Box 1308, Akure, Ondo State 34001, Nigeria.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2009 Mar;76(1):35-40. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v76i1.59.
Tsetse-fly and the disease it transmits, trypanosomosis, remain an enormous disease challenge in the 37 countries of sub-Saharan Africa where the impact continues to be manifest in disease burden, increased level of poverty and decreased agricultural productivity. The impact also extends over an estimated 10 million km2 (a third of the African continent) of land area, a third of which contains some well-watered part of the continent, thus denying humans and livestock of potentially rich arable and pastureland. The disease is a threat to an estimated 50 million people and 48 million cattle with estimated annual losses in cattle production alone of 1-1.2 billion US$. These losses are due to stock mortality and depressed productivity, which may be of meat, milk, reproduction or traction. Beyond its direct effects on humans and livestock is its impact on African agriculture and the livelihood of the rural population in the affected countries: the fly and the disease influence where people decide to live, how they manage their livestock, and the intensity and the mix of crop agriculture. The combined effects result in changes in land use and environment which may, in turn, affect human welfare and increase the vulnerability of agricultural activity. Trypanosomosis is, therefore, both a public health and an agricultural development constraint. The challenges that the elimination or control of tsetse fly and trypanosomosis pose as well as the opportunities to develop appropriate intervention technologies are discussed in this presentation.
采采蝇及其传播的疾病——锥虫病，仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲 37 个国家面临的巨大疾病挑战。在这些国家，疾病负担、贫困程度的提高以及农业生产力的下降都表明了这一挑战的严峻性。该疾病的影响范围还涉及约 1000 万平方千米的土地（占非洲大陆的三分之一），其中三分之一是非洲大陆部分水资源丰富的地区，从而使人类和牲畜无法利用这些潜在肥沃的耕地和牧场。据估计，这种疾病威胁着 5000 万人和 4800 万头牛，仅牛的年生产损失就达 10 亿至 12 亿美元。这些损失是由于牲畜死亡和生产力下降造成的，这可能会影响到肉类、牛奶、繁殖或牵引力。除了对人类和牲畜的直接影响外，锥虫病还会对非洲农业和受影响国家农村人口的生计产生影响：采采蝇和疾病影响人们决定居住的地方、他们如何管理牲畜，以及农作物农业的强度和组合。这些综合影响导致土地利用和环境的变化，从而可能影响人类福祉并增加农业活动的脆弱性。因此，锥虫病既是公共卫生问题，也是农业发展的制约因素。本报告讨论了消灭或控制采采蝇和锥虫病所面临的挑战，以及开发适当干预技术的机会。
