Li Fu-chun, Han Shen-hui, Yang Jun, Zhang Xu, Li Ru-yan, Wei Yuan-song, Fan Mao-hong
National Engineering Research Center of Waste Resource Recovery, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650033, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2009 Oct 15;30(10):2823-31.
Ammonia (NH3) emission from agro-ecosystem in the Sichuan-Chongqing region during 1990-2004, was estimated by the regional nitrogen cycling model IAP-N. The county level agricultural activities data were used, and Sichuan-Chongqing region was divided into four sub-areas by the geographical characteristics , environment and local climatic conditions and administrative division. The results showed that average annual ammonia emissions (in nitrogen gauge) in 1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004 were 626.7, 670.5 and 698.8 Gg x a(-1) respectively. The ammonia emission appeared increasing trend, whereas, the contribution of various ammonia sources presented little change. For instance, in 2000-2004, the contributions of NH3 emission from fertilized cropland, manure management system and field residues burning to the total ammonia emission of agro-ecosystem in the Sichuan-Chongqing region were 53%, 46% and 1%, equals to 374.9, 318.2 and 5.6 Gg x a(-1) respectively. But the contributions were variable in different regions. Ammonia emission was primarily induced by fertilized cropland in Chengdu plain and Chongqing hilly area, whereas, in northwest sub-region of Sichuan province was manure management system. The geographical distribution of ammonia emission from agro-ecosystem in the Sichuan-Chongqing region was generally "east high and west low". Ammonia emissions in sub-regions of Chongqing hilly area, Chengdu plain, southwest and northwest sub-regions were 165.6, 408.8, 85.9 and 38.8 Gg x a(-1), respectively, during 2000-2004. At the same time, ammonia density were 20 and 28 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1) in sub-regions of the Chongqing hilly area and the Chengdu plain, whereas, 9.1 and 1.6 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1) in southwest and northwest sub-regions, respectively. The results will provide a scientific basis for making fertilizer effectively applied and mitigate NH3 and GHG emissions from agro-ecosystem of Sichuan-Chongqing region.
利用区域氮循环模型IAP-N估算了1990—2004年川渝地区农业生态系统的氨（NH₃）排放量。采用县级农业活动数据，根据地理特征、环境、当地气候条件和行政区划，将川渝地区划分为四个子区域。结果表明，1990—1994年、1995—1999年、2000—2004年的年均氨排放量（以氮计）分别为626.7、670.5和698.8Gg·a⁻¹。氨排放呈上升趋势，而各类氨源的贡献率变化不大。例如，2000—2004年，施肥农田、粪便管理系统和田间秸秆焚烧排放的NH₃对川渝地区农业生态系统总氨排放的贡献率分别为53%、46%和1%，分别相当于374.9、318.2和5.6Gg·a⁻¹。但不同区域的贡献率存在差异。成都平原和重庆丘陵地区的氨排放主要由施肥农田引起，而四川省西北子区域则是粪便管理系统。川渝地区农业生态系统氨排放的地理分布总体上是“东高西低”。2000—2004年，重庆丘陵地区、成都平原、西南和西北子区域的氨排放量分别为165.6、408.8、85.9和38.8Gg·a⁻¹。同时，重庆丘陵地区和成都平原子区域的氨排放强度分别为20和28kg·(hm²·a)⁻¹，而西南和西北子区域分别为9.1和1.6kg·(hm²·a)⁻¹。研究结果将为川渝地区农业生态系统有效施用肥料及减少氨和温室气体排放提供科学依据。
