Department of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Emotion. 2009 Dec;9(6):865-73. doi: 10.1037/a0017749.
Previous findings suggest that emotional stimuli sometimes improve (emotion-induced hypervision) and sometimes impair (emotion-induced blindness) the visual perception of subsequent neutral stimuli. We hypothesized that these differential carryover effects might be due to 2 distinct emotional influences in visual processing. On the one hand, emotional stimuli trigger a general enhancement in the efficiency of visual processing that can carry over onto other stimuli. On the other hand, emotional stimuli benefit from a stimulus-specific enhancement in later attentional processing at the expense of competing visual stimuli. We investigated whether detrimental (blindness) and beneficial (hypervision) carryover effects of emotion in perception can be dissociated within a single experimental paradigm. In 2 experiments, we manipulated the temporal competition for attention between an emotional cue word and a subsequent neutral target word by varying cue-target interstimulus interval (ISI) and cue visibility. Interestingly, emotional cues impaired target identification at short ISIs but improved target identification when competition was diminished by either increasing ISI or reducing cue visibility, suggesting that emotional significance of stimuli can improve and impair visual performance through distinct perceptual mechanisms.
先前的研究结果表明，情绪刺激有时会改善（情绪诱导的超视觉），有时会损害（情绪诱导的盲目）随后中性刺激的视觉感知。我们假设这些不同的转移效应可能是由于视觉处理中的两种不同的情绪影响。一方面，情绪刺激引发了视觉处理效率的普遍提高，这种提高可以转移到其他刺激上。另一方面，情绪刺激受益于后期注意力处理的特定增强，以牺牲竞争视觉刺激为代价。我们研究了情绪在感知中的有害（盲目）和有益（超视觉）转移效应是否可以在单个实验范式中分离。在 2 项实验中，我们通过改变线索-目标刺激间间隔（ISI）和线索可见性来操纵情绪线索和随后的中性目标词之间的注意力竞争的时间竞争。有趣的是，情绪线索在短 ISI 时损害了目标识别，但当通过增加 ISI 或降低线索可见性来减少竞争时，目标识别得到改善，这表明刺激的情绪意义可以通过不同的知觉机制来提高和损害视觉表现。
