Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.
Ecol Lett. 2010 Feb;13(2):235-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01418.x.
A major aim in ecology is identifying determinants of invasiveness. We performed a meta-analysis of 117 field or experimental-garden studies that measured pair-wise trait differences of a total of 125 invasive and 196 non-invasive plant species in the invasive range of the invasive species. We tested whether invasiveness is associated with performance-related traits (physiology, leaf-area allocation, shoot allocation, growth rate, size and fitness), and whether such associations depend on type of study and on biogeographical or biological factors. Overall, invasive species had significantly higher values than non-invasive species for all six trait categories. More trait differences were significant for invasive vs. native comparisons than for invasive vs. non-invasive alien comparisons. Moreover, for comparisons between invasive species and native species that themselves are invasive elsewhere, no trait differences were significant. Differences in physiology and growth rate were larger in tropical regions than in temperate regions. Trait differences did not depend on whether the invasive alien species originates from Europe, nor did they depend on the test environment. We conclude that invasive alien species had higher values for those traits related to performance than non-invasive species. This suggests that it might become possible to predict future plant invasions from species traits.
生态学的主要目标之一是确定入侵性的决定因素。我们对 117 项实地或实验花园研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究测量了入侵物种入侵范围内总共 125 种入侵植物和 196 种非入侵植物的 125 对特征差异。我们检验了入侵性是否与与表现相关的特征（生理学、叶面积分配、茎分配、生长率、大小和适应性）相关，以及这种关联是否取决于研究类型以及生物地理或生物学因素。总体而言，在所有六个特征类别中，入侵物种的特征值明显高于非入侵物种。在入侵物种与本地物种（在其他地方也是入侵物种）的比较中，与入侵物种与非入侵外来物种的比较相比，有更多的特征差异具有统计学意义。此外，对于在其他地方也是入侵物种的入侵物种和本地物种之间的比较，没有特征差异具有统计学意义。与温带地区相比，热带地区的生理学和生长率差异更大。特征差异与入侵外来物种是否起源于欧洲无关，也与测试环境无关。我们得出结论，入侵外来物种在与表现相关的特征上的数值高于非入侵物种。这表明，根据物种特征来预测未来的植物入侵可能成为现实。
