Kumar A, Weatherly M R, Beaman D C
Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1317.
Pediatrics. 1991 Mar;87(3):352-60.
Even though a variety of adverse effects caused by sweeteners, flavorings, and dyes in susceptible individuals have been reported, there is no good single reference with information about these substances in pediatric antimicrobials. Data on sweeteners, flavorings, and dyes in 91 antimicrobial preparations were collected. Sucrose was present in 74 (85%) of 87 preparations, followed by saccharin in 30 (34%) preparations. Mannitol, lactose, and sorbitol were each present in 7 preparations. None of the preparations were free of sweeteners. Thirty-four (37%) of 91 preparations did not specify the flavoring content. While cherry was the most common flavoring used, there were 25 other flavorings. Thirteen different dyes and coloring agents were used in these antimicrobials. Red dye no. 40 was present in 45% of preparations. Tables detailing sweeteners, flavorings, and dyes in different groups of antimicrobials (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin, penicillins, sulfonamides, and others) and adverse effects reported with these inert ingredients are presented. These tables should be helpful to physicians in selecting an antimicrobial containing a different sweetener and/or dye when an adverse reaction occurs.
尽管已有报道称甜味剂、调味剂和染料在易感个体中会引发多种不良反应，但目前尚无关于儿科抗菌药物中这些物质的全面参考资料。我们收集了91种抗菌制剂中甜味剂、调味剂和染料的数据。87种制剂中有74种（85%）含有蔗糖，其次是30种（34%）制剂含有糖精。甘露醇、乳糖和山梨醇各有7种制剂含有。所有制剂均含有甜味剂。91种制剂中有34种（37%）未标明调味剂成分。虽然樱桃味是最常用的调味剂，但还有25种其他调味剂。这些抗菌药物中使用了13种不同的染料和着色剂。45%的制剂中含有40号红色染料。文中列出了详细表格，展示了不同组抗菌药物（阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢菌素、红霉素、青霉素、磺胺类药物等）中的甜味剂、调味剂和染料，以及与这些惰性成分相关的不良反应报告。这些表格有助于医生在出现不良反应时选择含有不同甜味剂和/或染料的抗菌药物。
