Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2010 Apr;103(8):1127-38. doi: 10.1017/S000711450999300X. Epub 2009 Dec 15.
Selective breeding of dogs has culminated in a large number of modern breeds distinctive in terms of size, shape and behaviour. Inadvertently, a range of breed-specific genetic disorders have become fixed in some pure-bred populations. Several inherited conditions confer chronic metabolic defects that are influenced strongly by diet, but it is likely that many less obvious breed-specific differences in physiology exist. Using Labrador retrievers and miniature Schnauzers maintained in a simulated domestic setting on a controlled diet, an experimental design was validated in relation to husbandry, sampling and sample processing for metabolomics. Metabolite fingerprints were generated from 'spot' urine samples using flow injection electrospray MS (FIE-MS). With class based on breed, urine chemical fingerprints were modelled using Random Forest (a supervised data classification technique), and metabolite features (m/z) explanatory of breed-specific differences were putatively annotated using the ARMeC database (http://www.armec.org). GC-MS profiling to confirm FIE-MS predictions indicated major breed-specific differences centred on the metabolism of diet-related polyphenols. Metabolism of further diet components, including potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides, animal-derived fats and glycerol, appeared significantly different between the two breeds. Analysis of the urinary metabolome of young male dogs representative of a wider range of breeds from animals maintained under domestic conditions on unknown diets provided preliminary evidence that many breeds may indeed have distinctive metabolic differences, with significant differences particularly apparent in comparisons between large and smaller breeds.
犬种的选择性繁殖导致了大量现代品种的出现，这些品种在大小、形状和行为方面都具有独特性。然而，一系列品种特异性的遗传疾病在某些纯种群体中已经固定下来。一些遗传性疾病导致慢性代谢缺陷，这些缺陷受饮食的强烈影响，但很可能存在许多生理上不太明显的品种特异性差异。使用在受控饮食下模拟家庭环境中饲养的拉布拉多猎犬和迷你雪纳瑞犬，验证了一种与饲养、采样和代谢组学样品处理相关的实验设计。使用流动注射电喷雾 MS（FIE-MS）从“点”尿样生成代谢物指纹图谱。基于品种的分类，使用随机森林（一种监督数据分类技术）对尿液化学指纹图谱进行建模，并使用 ARMeC 数据库（http://www.armec.org）对解释品种特异性差异的代谢物特征（m/z）进行推测注释。GC-MS 分析证实 FIE-MS 的预测表明，以与饮食相关的多酚代谢为中心的主要品种特异性差异。两种品种之间的其他饮食成分的代谢，包括潜在的益生元低聚糖、动物源性脂肪和甘油，也表现出明显的差异。对来自在未知饮食下家庭饲养的更广泛品种的年轻雄性犬的尿液代谢组进行分析，初步表明许多品种确实可能具有独特的代谢差异，在大型和小型品种之间的比较中尤为明显。
