Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY, 133546, USA.
Geroscience. 2024 Feb;46(1):241-255. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00911-5. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
A progressive decline in biological function and fitness is, generally, how aging is defined. However, in 2013, a description on the "hallmarks of aging" in mammals was published, and within it, it described biological processes that are known to alter the aging phenotype. These include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication (inflammation), and changes within the microbiome. This mini-review provides a detailed account of the progress on each of these hallmarks of aging in the domestic dog within the last 5 years. Additionally, when there are gaps in the literature between other mammalian species and dogs, I highlight the aging biomarkers that may be missing for dogs as aging models. I also argue for the importance of dog aging studies to include several breeds of dogs at differing ages and for age corrections for breeds with differing mean lifespans throughout.
一般来说，生物功能和适应力的逐渐下降就是衰老的定义。然而，在 2013 年，一篇关于哺乳动物“衰老标志”的描述发表了，其中描述了已知会改变衰老表型的生物学过程。这些过程包括基因组不稳定性、端粒磨损、表观遗传改变、蛋白质稳态丧失、营养感应失调、线粒体功能障碍、细胞衰老、干细胞衰竭、细胞间通讯改变（炎症）以及微生物组内的变化。这篇简要综述详细介绍了在过去 5 年内，犬类在这些衰老标志中的每一个方面的研究进展。此外，当其他哺乳动物物种和犬类之间的文献存在差距时，我强调了可能作为衰老模型的犬类所缺失的衰老生物标志物。我还主张犬类衰老研究的重要性，包括不同年龄的多个犬种，并对具有不同平均寿命的犬种进行年龄校正。
