Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
J Pediatr. 2010 Mar;156(3):456-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.09.066. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
To assess dietary quality and associated factors in adolescents.
We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in a sample of 1584 adolescents living in areas of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Dietary intake was measured with the 24-hour recall method, and dietary quality was assessed by means of the Health Eating Index (HEI), adapted to fit to the local requirements. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the HEI and demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables.
A total of 97.1% of the adolescents studied had an inadequate diet or a diet that needed improvement. The mean overall HEI score was 59.7. Lower mean HEI scores were found for fruits, dairy products, and vegetables. Male adolescents who were physically active and lived in a house or apartment had higher HEI scores. The multiple regression analyses showed that the quality of the diet improved as age decreased. Adolescents who lived in houses or apartments had higher HEI scores than adolescents living in shacks or slums, regardless of age and energy intake.
Dietary quality is associated with income and age. A better understanding of the factors associated can provide input to the formulation of policies and development of nutritional actions.
评估青少年的饮食质量及其相关因素。
我们在巴西圣保罗州的一些地区进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究，共纳入了 1584 名青少年。采用 24 小时回顾法测量膳食摄入量，采用健康饮食指数（HEI）评估饮食质量，该指数经过调整，以适应当地的需求。采用线性回归分析评估 HEI 与人口统计学、社会经济和生活方式变量之间的关系。
研究中共有 97.1%的青少年饮食不适当或需要改善。总体 HEI 平均得分为 59.7。水果、乳制品和蔬菜的得分较低。积极参加体育活动、居住在房屋或公寓中的男性青少年 HEI 得分较高。多元回归分析表明，随着年龄的降低，饮食质量会提高。无论年龄和能量摄入如何，居住在房屋或公寓中的青少年的 HEI 得分均高于居住在棚屋或贫民窟中的青少年。
饮食质量与收入和年龄有关。更好地了解相关因素可以为制定政策和开展营养行动提供依据。
