Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
J Tissue Viability. 2011 May;20(2):37-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2009.11.005. Epub 2009 Dec 14.
Loss of adipose tissue can occur due to congenital and acquired lipoatrophies, trauma, tumor resection, and chronic disease. Clinically, it is difficult to regenerate or reconstruct adipose tissue. The extensive microvsacular network present in adipose, and the sensitivity of adipocytes to hypoxia, hinder the success of typical tissue transfer procedures. Materials that promote the formation of vascularized adipose tissue may offer alternatives to current clinical treatment options. A number of synthetic and natural biomaterials common in tissue engineering have been investigated as scaffolds for adipose regeneration. While these materials have shown some promise they do not account for the unique extracellular microenvironment of adipose. Adipose derived hydrogels more closely approximate the physical and chemical microenvironment of adipose tissue, promote preadipocyte differentiation and vessel assembly in vitro, and stimulate vascularized adipose formation in vivo. The combination of these materials with techniques that promote rapid and stable vascularization could lead to new techniques for engineering stable, vascularized adipose tissue for clinical application. In this review we discuss materials used for adipose tissue engineering and strategies for vascularization of these scaffolds.
Materials that promote formation of vascularized adipose tissue have the potential to serve as alternatives or supplements to existing treatment options, for adipose defects or deficiencies resulting from chronic disease, lipoatrophies, trauma, and tumor resection.
脂肪组织的丢失可能由于先天性和获得性脂肪萎缩、创伤、肿瘤切除和慢性疾病引起。临床上，很难再生或重建脂肪组织。脂肪中存在广泛的微血管网络，以及脂肪细胞对缺氧的敏感性，阻碍了典型组织转移程序的成功。促进血管化脂肪组织形成的材料可能为当前的临床治疗选择提供替代方案。许多在组织工程中常用的合成和天然生物材料已被研究作为脂肪再生的支架。虽然这些材料显示出了一些希望，但它们并不能说明脂肪的独特细胞外微环境。脂肪衍生的水凝胶更接近脂肪组织的物理和化学微环境，在体外促进前脂肪细胞分化和血管组装，并在体内刺激血管化脂肪形成。将这些材料与促进快速和稳定血管化的技术相结合，可能会为工程化稳定、血管化的脂肪组织用于临床应用提供新的技术。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于脂肪组织工程的材料以及这些支架的血管化策略。
促进血管化脂肪组织形成的材料有可能作为替代物或补充物，用于治疗慢性疾病、脂肪萎缩、创伤和肿瘤切除导致的脂肪缺陷或不足。
