JKM Technologies LLC, 525 Rookwood Place, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
PM R. 2009 Dec;1(12):1058-63. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.09.011.
To determine the effect of modern-day running shoes on lower extremity joint torques during running.
Two-condition experimental comparison.
A 3-dimensional motion analysis laboratory.
A total of 68 healthy young adult runners (37 women) who typically run in running shoes.
All subjects ran barefoot and in the same type of stability running footwear at a controlled running speed. Three-dimensional motion capture data were collected in synchrony with ground reaction force data from an instrumented treadmill for each of the 2 conditions.
Peak 3-dimensional external joint torques at the hip, knee, and ankle as calculated through a full inverse dynamic model.
Increased joint torques at the hip, knee, and ankle were observed with running shoes compared with running barefoot. Disproportionately large increases were observed in the hip internal rotation torque and in the knee flexion and knee varus torques. An average 54% increase in the hip internal rotation torque, a 36% increase in knee flexion torque, and a 38% increase in knee varus torque were measured when running in running shoes compared with barefoot.
The findings at the knee suggest relatively greater pressures at anatomical sites that are typically more prone to knee osteoarthritis, the medial and patellofemoral compartments. It is important to note the limitations of these findings and of current 3-dimensional gait analysis in general, that only resultant joint torques were assessed. It is unknown to what extent actual joint contact forces could be affected by compliance that a shoe might provide, a potentially valuable design characteristic that may offset the observed increases in joint torques.
确定现代跑鞋对跑步时下肢关节扭矩的影响。
两种条件的实验比较。
一个三维运动分析实验室。
共有 68 名健康的年轻成年跑步者（37 名女性），他们通常穿着跑鞋跑步。
所有受试者均赤脚和穿着相同类型的稳定跑鞋，以控制的跑步速度跑步。在这两种情况下，同步采集三维运动捕捉数据和仪器化跑步机的地面反力数据。
通过全反动力学模型计算得出的髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的三维外部关节扭矩峰值。
与赤脚跑步相比，穿跑鞋会导致髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的关节扭矩增加。髋关节内旋扭矩、膝关节屈曲和膝关节内翻扭矩的增加幅度较大。与赤脚跑步相比，穿跑鞋时髋关节内旋扭矩平均增加 54%，膝关节屈曲扭矩增加 36%，膝关节内翻扭矩增加 38%。
膝关节的研究结果表明，在解剖学上更容易发生膝骨关节炎的部位，即内侧和髌股关节，承受着相对较大的压力。需要注意的是，这些发现以及当前三维步态分析的局限性，即仅评估了关节的合成扭矩。尚不清楚鞋子的顺应性可能会对实际关节接触力产生多大影响，这是一个潜在的有价值的设计特点，可能会抵消观察到的关节扭矩增加。
