Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Endocrinology. 2010 Feb;151(2):766-73. doi: 10.1210/en.2009-0875. Epub 2009 Dec 11.
Mutant mouse lines have been used to study the development of specific neuronal populations and brain structures as well as behaviors. In this report, single- and double-mutant mice were used to examine the lineage of GnRH-1 cells. GnRH is essential for vertebrate reproduction, with either GnRH-1 or GnRH-3 controlling release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary, depending on the species. It is clear that the neuroendocrine GnRH cells migrate from extracentral nervous system locations into the forebrain. However, the embryonic origin of GnRH-1 and GnRH-3 cells is controversial and has been suggested to be nasal placode, adenohypophyseal (anterior pituitary) placode, or neural crest, again dependent on the species examined. We found that mutant mice with either missing or disrupted anterior pituitaries (Gli2(-/-), Gli1(-/-)Gli2(-/-), and Lhx3(-/-)) exhibit a normal GnRH-1 neuronal population and that these cells are still found associated with the developing vomeronasal organ. These results indicate that in mice, GnRH-1 cells develop independent of the adenohypophyseal placode and are associated early with the formation of the nasal placode.
突变小鼠品系被用于研究特定神经元群体和脑结构以及行为的发育。在本报告中，使用单突变和双突变小鼠来检查 GnRH-1 细胞的谱系。GnRH 对于脊椎动物的生殖至关重要，无论是 GnRH-1 还是 GnRH-3，都取决于物种，控制着垂体前叶促性腺激素的释放。很明显，神经内分泌 GnRH 细胞从中枢神经系统外的位置迁移到前脑。然而，GnRH-1 和 GnRH-3 细胞的胚胎起源存在争议，并被认为是鼻板、腺垂体（垂体前叶）板或神经嵴，再次取决于所检查的物种。我们发现，前垂体缺失或破坏的突变小鼠（Gli2(-/-)、Gli1(-/-)Gli2(-/-)和 Lhx3(-/-)）表现出正常的 GnRH-1 神经元群体，并且这些细胞仍然与发育中的犁鼻器相关联。这些结果表明，在小鼠中，GnRH-1 细胞的发育独立于腺垂体板，并与鼻板的早期形成相关联。
