Irefrea-European Institute of Studies on Prevention, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Adicciones. 2009;21(4):387-413.
Participating in nightlife it is a meaningful cultural activity for young people. Councils welcome a flourishing late-night entertainment industry. But there also problems related to the people involved (alcohol and drug abuse, violence, risky sex...) and to the recreational activity itself (noise, street drinking, vandalism...). Prevention intervention possibilities are numerous, and most have been implemented, however assessment of their outcomes is less common. We have identified 11 types of prevention according to their main objective (venues centred, community, education, law enforcement, industry collaboration...) and we have reviewed the existing evidence in relation to each form of intervention. Popular types of interventions as providing information or pill testing are not evidence based. Other interventions as Responsible beverage services or designated driver programmes, backed by the industry, are not exactly the most effective, especially if they are not enforced. Others like community approaches can be effective but it can be a problem how to achieve their continuity. From the present review, what emerges as the best strategy is the combination of training, cooperation and enforcement. 'Classical' measures (taxation, reduced BAC limits, minimum legal purchasing age...) are also evidence-based and effective. Could be interesting to investigate interventions that address the cultural aspects of nightlife. But this sort of interventions do not depend on the will or the skills of professionals, and are more related to societal changes. The highly frequent use of popular but ineffective interventions contributes more to the problem than to its solution, and only facilitates giving preventive efforts a bad reputation.
参与夜生活是年轻人有意义的文化活动。地方议会对繁荣的夜间娱乐业表示欢迎。但也存在与参与人员（酗酒和吸毒、暴力、高危性行为……）和娱乐活动本身（噪音、街头饮酒、破坏公物……）相关的问题。预防干预措施多种多样，大多数已经实施，但对其效果的评估却比较少见。我们根据主要目标（以场所为中心、社区、教育、执法、行业合作……）确定了 11 种预防类型，并审查了每种干预形式的现有证据。一些流行的干预措施，如提供信息或药丸测试，并没有证据支持。其他干预措施，如负责任的饮料服务或指定司机计划，虽然得到了行业的支持，但并不完全有效，特别是如果不强制执行的话。其他干预措施，如社区方法，可以是有效的，但如何确保其连续性可能是一个问题。从目前的审查来看，最好的策略是培训、合作和执法相结合。“经典”措施（征税、降低血液酒精浓度限制、最低法定购买年龄……）也是有证据支持且有效的。调查针对夜生活文化方面的干预措施可能会很有趣。但这类干预措施并不取决于专业人员的意愿或技能，更多地与社会变革有关。频繁使用流行但无效的干预措施不仅无助于解决问题，反而会给预防工作带来负面声誉。
