运用计划行为理论解释社交型、高危型和极限型饮酒者在比赛日的饮酒动机。

Using the theory of planned behavior to explain the drinking motivations of social, high-risk, and extreme drinkers on game day.

机构信息

Department of Health Education and Rehabilitative Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.

出版信息

J Community Health. 2010 Apr;35(2):172-81. doi: 10.1007/s10900-009-9205-1.

Abstract

This study assessed the extent to which the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) correctly predicted college student's motivation to consume alcohol on game day based on alcohol consumption rates. Three cohorts of 1,000 participants each (N = 3,000) were randomly selected and invited to complete an anonymous web-based survey the Monday following one of three designated college home football games. Path analyses were conducted to determine which of the TPB constructs were most effective in predicting Behavioral Intention and alcohol consumption among social, high-risk, and extreme drinkers. Social drinkers, high-risk, and those drinkers who engage in Extreme Ritualistic Alcohol Consumption (ERAC) were defined as males who consumed 1-4, 5-9, or 10 or more drinks on game day (1-3, 4-8, or nine or more drinks for females), respectively. Attitude Towards the Behavior and Subjective Norm constructs predicted participant's intentions to consume alcohol and corresponding behavior among all three classifications of drinkers; whereas the Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) construct inconsistently predicted intention and alcohol consumption. Based on Behavioral Intention, the proportion of variance the TPB model explained decreased as participants alcohol consumption increased. It appears that the TPB constructs Attitude Toward the Behavior and Subjective Norm can effectively be utilized when designing universal prevention interventions targeting game day alcohol consumption among college students. However, the applicability of the PBC construct remains in question. While select constructs in the TPB appear to have predictive ability, the usefulness of the complete theoretical framework is limited when trying to predict high-risk drinking and ERAC. These findings suggest that other behavioral theories should be considered when addressing the needs of high-risk and extreme drinkers.

摘要

本研究评估了计划行为理论(TPB)在多大程度上可以根据饮酒率正确预测大学生在比赛日饮酒的动机。随机选择了三个 1000 名参与者的队列(N=3000),邀请他们在三场指定的大学主场足球比赛后的周一完成一项匿名的网络调查。进行路径分析以确定 TPB 构念中哪些最能有效预测社交、高风险和极端饮酒者的行为意向和饮酒量。社交饮酒者、高风险者和那些参与极端仪式性饮酒(ERAC)的人被定义为在比赛日男性饮酒 1-4、5-9 或 10 或更多杯(女性为 1-3、4-8 或 9 或更多杯)的人。行为态度和主观规范构念预测了所有三类饮酒者的饮酒意向和相应行为;而感知行为控制(PBC)构念则不一致地预测了意向和饮酒行为。基于行为意向,TPB 模型解释的方差比例随着参与者饮酒量的增加而降低。似乎 TPB 构念的行为态度和主观规范可以有效地用于设计针对大学生比赛日饮酒的通用预防干预措施。然而,PBC 构念的适用性仍存在疑问。虽然 TPB 中的某些构念具有预测能力,但当试图预测高风险饮酒和 ERAC 时,完整的理论框架的有用性是有限的。这些发现表明,在满足高风险和极端饮酒者的需求时,应考虑其他行为理论。

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