Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Medicina, Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
Curr Med Chem. 2010;17(5):453-66. doi: 10.2174/092986710790226138.
Primary prevention of osteoporosis must aim at increasing bone mass acquisition before late adolescence. During pubertal years both genders reach peak bone acquisition, though males develop a greater skeletal mass. This dimorphism is largely regulated by endocrine factors, with critical roles played by gonadal steroids, growth hormone and insulin growth factor-1, amongst the most important. Menstrual history is a surrogate for the adequacy of hormonal functioning, nutrition and physical activity that may be a marker of bone status and development in young women. Adequate levels of adrenal, reproductive and pituitary hormones, growth factors and leptin are needed for the initiation and maintenance of regular menstrual cycles as well as for the achievement of peak bone mass. Adequate regular exercise and body composition are also pivotal elements in maintaining normal mechanical bone stimulus during bone growth. Avoidance of carbonated soft drink consumption, or excessive alcohol and any tobacco should be considered as these may interfere reaching adequate bone mass.
骨质疏松症的一级预防必须旨在青春期后期之前增加骨量积累。在青春期，两性都达到了骨量积累的峰值，尽管男性的骨骼质量更大。这种性别差异在很大程度上受内分泌因素调节，其中最重要的是性腺类固醇、生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1。月经史是激素功能、营养和体力活动充足性的替代指标，可能是年轻女性骨骼状况和发育的标志。足够水平的肾上腺、生殖和垂体激素、生长因子和瘦素对于启动和维持正常月经周期以及实现峰值骨量都是必需的。足够的定期运动和身体成分也是维持骨骼生长过程中正常机械骨刺激的关键因素。应避免饮用碳酸软饮料、过量饮酒和任何形式的吸烟，因为这些可能会干扰达到足够的骨量。
