Parnas J, Bovet P
Psykologisk Institut, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Compr Psychiatry. 1991 Jan-Feb;32(1):7-21. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(91)90065-k.
The concept of autism is reviewed in its historical evolution. It is suggested that the Bleulerian insistence on the withdrawal component in autism contributed to the decline of its use in adult psychiatry. Phenomenology offers another approach to grasping the nature of autism as a relational (subject-outer world) phenomenon. European phenomenological psychiatry in the field of schizophrenia is introduced and its attempts to reveal the essence of autism are presented. Autism is here considered as a "loss of vital contact with reality" (Minkowski), "inconsistency of natural experience" (Binswanger), or "the global crisis of common sense" (Blankenburg). It is proposed that autism represents dysfunctional perceptual/expressive attunement to the outer world. The usefulness of this concept is briefly examined in relation to the diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.
本文回顾了自闭症概念的历史演变。研究表明，布洛伊勒对自闭症退缩成分的坚持导致了该概念在成人精神病学中使用的减少。现象学提供了另一种方法来理解自闭症作为一种关系性（主体 - 外部世界）现象的本质。本文介绍了欧洲在精神分裂症领域的现象学精神病学，并阐述了其揭示自闭症本质的尝试。在这里，自闭症被视为“与现实失去重要联系”（明可夫斯基）、“自然体验的不一致”（宾斯万格）或“常识的全面危机”（布兰肯堡）。本文提出，自闭症代表了对外界功能失调的感知/表达协调。本文简要探讨了这一概念在精神分裂症诊断和病因发病机制方面的实用性。
