Leung Alexander Kc, Sauve Reginald S
Deparment of Paediatrics, University of Calgary and the Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta.
Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Sep;8(7):419-21. doi: 10.1093/pch/8.7.419.
Early introduction of whole cow's milk may lead to iron deficiency anemia. From a nutritional point of view, it is best to delay the introduction of whole cow's milk until the infant is one year old. While there is no evidence to suggest adverse clinical sequelae associated with the increased renal solute load in healthy infants, feeding with whole cow's milk would narrow the margin of safety in situations that may lead to dehydration. Early exposure to cow's milk proteins increases the risk of developing allergy to milk proteins. Because of the possible association between early exposure to cow's milk proteins and risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus, breast-feeding and avoidance of commercially available cow's milk and products containing intact cow's milk protein during the first year of life are strongly encouraged in families with a strong history of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The authors suggest that the optimal food in infancy is human breast milk. If human milk is not available, it is preferred that iron-fortified formulas rather than whole cow's milk be used during the first year of life.
过早引入全脂牛奶可能会导致缺铁性贫血。从营养角度来看，最好将全脂牛奶的引入推迟到婴儿满一岁。虽然没有证据表明健康婴儿肾溶质负荷增加会带来不良临床后果，但在可能导致脱水的情况下，用全脂牛奶喂养会缩小安全边际。过早接触牛奶蛋白会增加对牛奶蛋白过敏的风险。由于过早接触牛奶蛋白与1型糖尿病风险之间可能存在关联，对于有胰岛素依赖型糖尿病家族史的家庭，强烈建议在婴儿出生后的第一年进行母乳喂养，并避免食用市售牛奶和含有完整牛奶蛋白的产品。作者建议婴儿期的最佳食物是母乳。如果没有母乳，在婴儿出生后的第一年，最好使用铁强化配方奶粉而不是全脂牛奶。
