Kaleta Dorota, Polańska Kinga, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta, Hanke Wojciech, Drygas Wojciech
Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University, Łódź, Poland.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2009 Sep;17(3):122-7. doi: 10.21101/cejph.b0017.
The aim of this study was to evaluate subjective health status of Łódź adult population and to determine the factors affecting their self-perception of health. The study population consisted of randomly selected 1,056 adults aged 20-74 years from L6di district. Logistic regression model was applied to assess the factors influencing the self-perception of health. More than 30% of study subjects described their health as poor or very poor. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women regarding self-perception of health (p>0.05). Older people more frequently reported their health as poor and very poor compared to those younger than 25 years of age. Four percent of men and 10% of women younger than 25 years of age described their health as poor or very poor whereas in age category 45-54 years that percentage increased to more than 40% (men RR=16.3; p<0.001, women RR=7.5; p<0.001), in 55-64 to 60% (men RR=18.6; p<0.001, women RR=10.0; p<0.001) and for people older than 64 years of age to 60% for men (RR=12.6; p<0.01) and 72% for women (RR=13.4; p<0.001). People with lower educational degree perceived their health as worse compared to those with university diploma (men RR=5.3; p<0.001; women 4.6; p<0.001). The risk of indicating the health as poor or very poor was 3.4 times higher for unemployed men comparing to employed (p<0.001) and 1.5 for unemployed women compared to employed (p>0.05). Men indicating no leisure-time physical activity significantly more frequently described their health as poor or very poor than men with satisfactory level of recreational physical activity (RR=2.2; p<0.01). Current and former smoker men described their health as worse compared to non-smokers (current smokers RR=1.5; p>0.05; former smokers RR=1.8; p>0.05). Preventive programs aimed at improving self-perceived health should concentrate on increasing recreational physical activity and elimination of smoking. Those actions should in particular target people in older age category.
本研究旨在评估罗兹成年人口的主观健康状况，并确定影响其健康自我认知的因素。研究人群由从罗兹地区随机选取的1056名年龄在20 - 74岁的成年人组成。应用逻辑回归模型来评估影响健康自我认知的因素。超过30%的研究对象将自己的健康状况描述为差或非常差。在健康自我认知方面，男性和女性之间没有统计学上的显著差异（p>0.05）。与25岁以下的人群相比，老年人更频繁地将自己的健康状况报告为差或非常差。25岁以下的男性中有4%、女性中有10%将自己的健康状况描述为差或非常差，而在45 - 54岁年龄组中，这一比例上升到40%以上（男性相对危险度RR = 16.3；p<0.001，女性RR = 7.5；p<0.001），在55 - 64岁年龄组中为60%（男性RR = 18.6；p<0.001，女性RR = 10.0；p<0.001），64岁以上的男性为60%（RR = 12.6；p<0.01），女性为72%（RR = 13.4；p<0.001）。与拥有大学文凭的人相比，教育程度较低的人对自己健康状况的认知更差（男性RR = 5.3；p<0.001；女性RR = 4.6；p<0.001）。与就业男性相比，失业男性将健康状况描述为差或非常差的风险高3.4倍（p<0.001），失业女性与就业女性相比为1.5倍（p>0.05）。表示没有休闲体育活动的男性比休闲体育活动水平令人满意的男性更频繁地将自己的健康状况描述为差或非常差（RR = 2.2；p<0.01）。与不吸烟者相比，目前吸烟和曾经吸烟的男性对自己健康状况的认知更差（目前吸烟者RR = 1.5；p>0.05；曾经吸烟者RR = 1.8；p>0.05）。旨在改善自我认知健康的预防项目应集中于增加休闲体育活动和戒烟。这些行动应特别针对老年人群体。
