Liu Bo, Deng Fu-rong, Guo Xin-biao, Yang Dong-mei, Teng Xiu-quan, Zheng Xu, Gao Jing, Dong Jing, Wu Shao-wei
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Aug;43(8):664-8.
To study the levels of pollutions caused by fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in the public places and investigate the possible influencing factors.
A total of 20 public places in four types such as rest room in bath center, restaurant, karaoke bars and cyber cafe in Tongzhou district in Beijing were chosen in this study; indoor and outdoor PM(2.5) was monitored by TSI sidepak AM510. Data under varying conditions were collected and analyzed, such as doors or windows or mechanical ventilation devices being opened, rooms cramped with people and smoking.
The average concentration of indoor PM(2.5) in 20 public places was (334.6 +/- 386.3) microg/m(3), ranging from 6 microg/m(3) to 1956 microg/m(3); while in bath center, restaurant, karaoke bars and cyber cafe were (116.9 +/- 100.1)microg/m(3), (317.9 +/- 235.3) microg/m(3), (750.6 +/- 521.6)microg/m(3) and (157.5 +/- 98.5) microg/m(3) respectively. The concentrations of PM(2.5) in restaurant (compared with bath center: Z = -10.785, P < 0.01; compared with karaoke bars: Z = -10.488, P < 0.01; compared with cyber cafe: Z = -7.547, P < 0.01) and karaoke bars (compared with bath center: Z = -16.670, P < 0.01; compared with cyber cafe: Z = -15.682, P < 0.01) were much higher than those in other two places. Single-factor analysis revealed that the average concentration of indoor PM(2.5) in 20 public places was associated with the number of smokers per cube meters(9.13 x 10(-3); r = 0.772, F = 26.579, P < 0.01) and ventilation score [(2.5 +/- 1.5) points; r = 0.667, F = 14.442, P < 0.01], and there were significant correlation between the average indoor and outdoor levels in restaurant [(317.9 +/- 235.3) microg/m(3), (67.8 +/- 78.9) microg/m(3); r = 0.918, F = 16.013, P = 0.028] and cyber cafe [(157.5 +/- 98.5) microg/m(3), (67.7 +/- 43.7) microg/m(3); r = 0.955, F = 30.785, P = 0.012]. Furthermore, significant correlation was observed between the average concentration of indoor PM(2.5) [(157.5 +/- 98.5) microg/m(3)]and the number of people per cube meters (288.7 x 10(-3)) in cyber cafe (r = 0.891, F = 11.615, P = 0.042). Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking (b' = 0.581, t = 3.542, P = 0.003) and ventilation (b' = -0.348, t = -2.122, P = 0.049) were the major factors that may influence the concentration of indoor PM(2.5) in four public places. With cluster analysis, the results showed that the major factors that influence the concentration of indoor PM(2.5) was the outdoor PM(2.5) levels [(49.6 +/- 39.5) microg/m(3); b = 1.556, t = 3.760, P = 0.007] when ventilation (score > 2) was relatively good. The number of smokers per cube meters (14.7 x 10(-3)) became the major influence factor when the ventilation score </= 2 (b = 140.957, t = 3.108, P = 0.013) and 51.8% increases of indoor PM(2.5) was attributed to smoking.
This study indicated that smoking was the main source of indoor PM(2.5) in public places. Outdoor PM(2.5) should be correlated with indoor PM(2.5) concentration under drafty situation.
研究公共场所细颗粒物（PM2.5）污染水平，探讨其可能的影响因素。
选取北京市通州区洗浴中心卫生间、餐厅、卡拉OK厅和网吧4类共20个公共场所；采用TSI sidepak AM510监测室内外PM2.5。收集并分析不同条件下的数据，如门窗或机械通风设备开启情况、人员密集程度和吸烟情况。
20个公共场所室内PM2.5平均浓度为（334.6±386.3）μg/m³，范围为6μg/m³至1956μg/m³；其中洗浴中心、餐厅、卡拉OK厅和网吧分别为（116.9±100.1）μg/m³、（317.9±235.3）μg/m³、（750.6±521.6）μg/m³和（157.5±98.5）μg/m³。餐厅（与洗浴中心比较：Z=-10.785，P<0.01；与卡拉OK厅比较：Z=-10.488，P<0.01；与网吧比较：Z=-7.547，P<0.01）和卡拉OK厅（与洗浴中心比较：Z=-16.670，P<0.01；与网吧比较：Z=-15.682，P<0.01）的PM2.5浓度明显高于其他两类场所。单因素分析显示，20个公共场所室内PM2.5平均浓度与每立方米吸烟人数（9.13×10⁻³；r=0.772，F=26.579，P<0.01）及通风评分[（2.5±1.5）分；r=0.667，F=14.442，P<0.01]有关，餐厅[（317.9±235.3）μg/m³，（67.8±78.9）μg/m³；r=0.918，F=16.013，P=0.028]和网吧[（1
