Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
J Pediatr. 2010 Apr;156(4):606-12.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.036. Epub 2009 Dec 21.
To determine sleep/wake patterns of primary school children and their correlates.
A total of 4470 sets of mother-father-child community-based trios were recruited in this study. We constructed 3 integrated models with structural equation modeling to predict sleep/wake patterns of children (bedtime, wakeup time, and time in bed [TIB]).
Our best-fitting models explained 40% to 71% variances of various sleep/wake patterns of the children, which were influenced by a web of interactive factors including school start time, parental sleep/wake patterns, sociodemographics, and daytime activities. The strongest predictor of various sleep/wake patterns was school start time. Higher socioeconomic status would shorten TIB of both children and parents, but through different pathways (by advancing wakeup time and delaying bedtime in children but by delaying bedtime in parents). Media use and homework shortened TIB of children, while leisure extracurricular activities and later school start time lengthened it. The age and sex effects on sleep/wake patterns, at least in part, were mediated by daytime activities. Daytime activities of children also influenced their parental sleep/wake patterns, especially their maternal one. A consistent pattern of stronger mother-child than father-child associations were found in various sleep/wake patterns.
There was a complex and interactive relationship among school schedule, parental sleep/wake patterns, socioeconomic status, and daytime activities in determining the sleep/wake patterns of children. These findings have important clinical implications for the management of childhood sleep/wake habits and problems.
确定小学生的睡眠/觉醒模式及其相关因素。
本研究共招募了 4470 对基于社区的母子-父子三人组。我们构建了 3 个综合模型，使用结构方程建模来预测儿童的睡眠/觉醒模式（就寝时间、醒来时间和卧床时间[TIB]）。
我们最拟合的模型解释了儿童各种睡眠/觉醒模式 40%至 71%的方差，这些模式受到一系列相互作用因素的影响，包括上学时间、父母的睡眠/觉醒模式、社会人口统计学和日间活动。各种睡眠/觉醒模式的最强预测因素是上学时间。较高的社会经济地位会缩短儿童和父母的 TIB，但通过不同的途径（通过提前醒来时间和推迟儿童的就寝时间，但通过推迟父母的就寝时间）。媒体使用和家庭作业缩短了儿童的 TIB，而休闲课外活动和较晚的上学时间则延长了 TIB。年龄和性别对睡眠/觉醒模式的影响至少部分是通过日间活动来介导的。儿童的日间活动也影响他们的父母的睡眠/觉醒模式，尤其是他们的母亲的睡眠/觉醒模式。在各种睡眠/觉醒模式中，发现了一种更强的母子关联而不是父子关联的一致模式。
在确定儿童的睡眠/觉醒模式时，学校时间表、父母的睡眠/觉醒模式、社会经济地位和日间活动之间存在着复杂而相互作用的关系。这些发现对儿童睡眠/觉醒习惯和问题的管理具有重要的临床意义。
