Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2010 Feb;36(2):264-77. doi: 10.1177/0146167209354519. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
After decades of research highlighting the fallibility of first impressions, recent years have featured reports of valid impressions based on surprisingly limited information, such as photos and short videos.Yet beneath mean levels of accuracy lies tremendous variance-some snap judgments are well-founded, others wrongheaded. An essential question for perceivers, therefore, is whether and when to trust their initial intuitions about others. In three studies of first impressions based on photos and videos, the authors examined accuracy for Big Five trait judgments as well as corresponding reports of confidence. Overall, perceivers showed a limited ability to intuit which of their impressions were more accurate than others, although a curvilinear effect emerged: In the relatively few cases where perceivers reported an absolute lack of confidence, their accuracy was indeed comparatively low. Across the studies, judgment confidence was shaped by sources at the judgment level and the judge level that were unrelated to accuracy.
经过几十年的研究，人们已经认识到第一印象的不可靠性，但近年来的一些报告表明，基于有限的信息（如照片和短视频）也可以形成有效的印象。然而，在平均准确率之下，存在着巨大的差异——有些直觉判断是有根据的，而有些则是错误的。因此，对于感知者来说，一个至关重要的问题是，他们是否应该以及何时相信自己对他人的第一印象。在基于照片和视频的三项第一印象研究中，作者研究了对五大特质判断的准确性以及相应的自信报告。总的来说，感知者在直觉判断哪些印象比其他印象更准确方面的能力有限，尽管存在一种曲线效应：在感知者报告绝对缺乏自信的极少数情况下，他们的准确性确实相对较低。在所有研究中，判断自信受到判断层面和判断者层面与准确性无关的信息源的影响。
