Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226. Cidade Universitária, 055080-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
Int J Biometeorol. 2010 Jul;54(4):347-55. doi: 10.1007/s00484-009-0284-6. Epub 2009 Dec 24.
The aim of this study was to estimate the indoor and outdoor concentrations of fungal spores in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP), collected at different sites in winter/spring and summer seasons. The techniques adopted included cultivation (samples collected with impactors) and microscopic enumeration (samples collected with impingers). The overall results showed total concentrations of fungal spores as high as 36,000 per cubic meter, with a large proportion of non culturable spores (around 91% of the total). Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were the dominant species both indoors and outdoors, in all seasons tested, occurring in more than 30% of homes at very high concentrations of culturable airborne fungi [colony forming units(CFU) m(-3)]. There was no significant difference between indoor and outdoor concentrations. The total fungal spore concentration found in winter was 19% higher than that in summer. Heat and humidity were the main factors affecting fungal growth; however, a non-linear response to these factors was found. Thus, temperatures below 16 degrees C and above 25 degrees C caused a reduction in the concentration (CFU m(-3)) of airborne fungi, which fits with MASP climatalogy. The same pattern was observed for humidity, although not as clearly as with temperature given the usual high relative humidity (above 70%) in the study area. These results are relevant for public health interventions that aim to reduce respiratory morbidity among susceptible populations.
本研究旨在估算圣保罗大都市区（MASP）冬季/春季和夏季不同地点的室内和室外真菌孢子浓度。所采用的技术包括培养（用撞击器收集的样本）和显微镜计数（用冲击器收集的样本）。总体结果显示，真菌孢子的总浓度高达每立方米 36000 个，其中不可培养的孢子比例很高（约占总数的 91%）。在所有测试的季节中，室内和室外的优势物种都是青霉属和曲霉属，在超过 30%的家庭中以非常高浓度的可培养空气真菌（菌落形成单位（CFU）m(-3)）存在。室内和室外浓度之间没有显著差异。冬季总真菌孢子浓度比夏季高 19%。热和湿度是影响真菌生长的主要因素；然而，发现这些因素的响应是非线性的。因此，温度低于 16°C 和高于 25°C 会导致空气中真菌浓度（CFU m(-3)）降低，这与 MASP 的气候学相符。湿度也存在相同的模式，尽管不如温度明显，因为研究区域的相对湿度通常很高（超过 70%）。这些结果与旨在减少易感人群呼吸道发病率的公共卫生干预措施有关。
