Klobucníková Katarína, Kollár Branislav, Martinisková Zuzana
1st Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009;30(5):599-603.
The relationship between epilepsy and sleep has been known for many years. Yet is still not well understood because of it's reciprocal and intrinsic influences. Epileptic manifestations during sleep may lead to fragmentation of sleep stages. On the other hand insomnia or other sleep disorders may cause sleep deprivation and increase number of epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy. The study is designed to compare daytime sleepiness and architecture of sleep in patients with epilepsy and control subjects. We tried to evaluate factors that have influence on sleep architecture of patients with epilepsy.
We evaluated the daytime sleepiness through a certain type of questionnaire called Epworth Scale of Sleepiness (ESS). The questionnaire was filled out by patients with epilepsy (83 patients) and a group of healthy controls (80 persons). Furthermore we evaluated the quatity of night sleep in both groups using polysomnograph (electroencephalography - EEG, electrooculography - EOG, electromyography - EMG). Sleep stages were scored according to Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects (Rechtschaffen, Kales, 9). Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) was performed in the group of patients with epilepsy in order to objectivise daytime sleepiness.
Measuring by Epworth scale of sleepiness we found out that the patients with epilepsy suffered from a significantly higher daytime sleepiness than the healthy controls. Patients with epilepsy also experienced significant changes in sleep architecture, the reduction of NREM S3, S4 and REM stages and the increase of NREM S2 stage. These changes were not related to used antiepileptic medication.
癫痫与睡眠之间的关系已为人所知多年。然而，由于它们之间相互和内在的影响，仍未得到充分理解。睡眠期间的癫痫表现可能导致睡眠阶段的碎片化。另一方面，失眠或其他睡眠障碍可能导致睡眠剥夺，并增加癫痫患者的癫痫发作次数。本研究旨在比较癫痫患者和对照受试者的日间嗜睡情况及睡眠结构。我们试图评估影响癫痫患者睡眠结构的因素。
我们通过一种名为爱泼华嗜睡量表（ESS）的特定问卷来评估日间嗜睡情况。该问卷由癫痫患者（83例）和一组健康对照者（80人）填写。此外，我们使用多导睡眠图（脑电图 - EEG、眼电图 - EOG、肌电图 - EMG）评估两组的夜间睡眠质量。根据《人类受试者睡眠阶段标准化术语、技术和评分系统手册》（ Rechtschaffen, Kales, 9）对睡眠阶段进行评分。对癫痫患者组进行多次睡眠潜伏期测试（MSLT），以客观评估日间嗜睡情况。
通过爱泼华嗜睡量表测量，我们发现癫痫患者的日间嗜睡程度明显高于健康对照者。癫痫患者的睡眠结构也出现了显著变化：非快速眼动睡眠S3、S4期和快速眼动期减少，非快速眼动睡眠S2期增加。这些变化与所使用的抗癫痫药物无关。
