Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Trends Plant Sci. 2010 Feb;15(2):89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.009. Epub 2009 Dec 23.
Proline accumulates in many plant species in response to environmental stress. Although much is now known about proline metabolism, some aspects of its biological functions are still unclear. Here, we discuss the compartmentalization of proline biosynthesis, accumulation and degradation in the cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondria. We also describe the role of proline in cellular homeostasis, including redox balance and energy status. Proline can act as a signaling molecule to modulate mitochondrial functions, influence cell proliferation or cell death and trigger specific gene expression, which can be essential for plant recovery from stress. Although the regulation and function of proline accumulation are not yet completely understood, the engineering of proline metabolism could lead to new opportunities to improve plant tolerance of environmental stresses.
脯氨酸在许多植物物种中积累以响应环境胁迫。尽管现在对脯氨酸代谢有了很多了解，但它的一些生物学功能仍不清楚。在这里，我们讨论了脯氨酸生物合成、积累和降解在细胞质、叶绿体和线粒体中的区室化。我们还描述了脯氨酸在细胞内稳态中的作用，包括氧化还原平衡和能量状态。脯氨酸可以作为信号分子来调节线粒体功能，影响细胞增殖或细胞死亡，并触发特定基因的表达，这对植物从胁迫中恢复是至关重要的。尽管脯氨酸积累的调控和功能尚未完全理解，但脯氨酸代谢的工程化可能为提高植物对环境胁迫的耐受性提供新的机会。
