Hignett Sue, Willmott Joseph Wayne, Clemes Stacy
Healthcare Ergonomics and Patient Safety Unit, Dept of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
Work. 2009;34(2):215-22. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2009-0918.
In the UK mountain rescues are carried out by highly trained volunteers in all weather conditions and at any time of the day/night. They interface with other services when they hand over the casualty to either land or air ambulances. The design of the stretcher is important to the safety of both the volunteers and casualties. This paper reports a usability trial to evaluate the features of mountain rescue stretchers and identify characteristics for future design. Two mountain rescue teams in the English Lake District participated in a five week field experiment. Data were collected using postural analysis with Rapid Entire Body Analysis, Body Part Discomfort Surveys, Rated Perceived Exertion and focus groups to compare the performance of four stretchers: Split Thomas, Ferno Titan, MacInnes mark 6 and MacInnes mark 7. None of the stretchers had an overall advantage, with benefits for some features counterbalanced by disadvantages resulting from others. All the stretchers produced shoulder discomfort with the Split Thomas and MacInnes 6 lowering the postural risks through the use of skids/wheel in the carrying phase. The key design features for future MR stretchers include: reduced unloaded weight (e.g. light weight materials and mesh platforms); undercarriage system to reduce the carrying load; adjustable handles at the front and back positions; flexible carrying system with an optional harness attachment; ease of assembly in adverse environmental conditions; large carrying capacity. It is suggested that military emergency evacuation should be considered in addition to mountain rescue tasks to identify a larger commercial market for development.
在英国，山地救援由训练有素的志愿者在全天候、昼夜任何时间进行。当他们将伤员交接给陆地或空中救护车时，会与其他服务部门进行对接。担架的设计对志愿者和伤员的安全都很重要。本文报告了一项可用性试验，以评估山地救援担架的特性，并确定未来设计的特点。英格兰湖区的两支山地救援队伍参与了为期五周的实地试验。使用快速全身分析进行姿势分析、身体部位不适调查、主观用力程度分级以及焦点小组来收集数据，以比较四种担架的性能：分体式托马斯担架、费尔诺泰坦担架、麦金尼斯6型担架和麦金尼斯7型担架。没有一种担架具有全面优势，某些特性的优点被其他特性带来的缺点所抵消。所有担架都会导致肩部不适，分体式托马斯担架和麦金尼斯6型担架在搬运阶段通过使用滑板/轮子降低了姿势风险。未来山地救援担架的关键设计特点包括：减轻空载重量（如使用轻质材料和网状平台）；底盘系统以减轻搬运负荷；前后位置可调节的把手；带有可选安全带附件的灵活搬运系统；在恶劣环境条件下易于组装；大承载能力。建议除了山地救援任务外，还应考虑军事紧急撤离，以确定更大的商业开发市场。
