School of Psychology, Deakin University, Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria, Australia 3217.
Percept Mot Skills. 2009 Oct;109(2):347-56. doi: 10.2466/PMS.109.2.347-356.
The effects of different amounts of mental practice on the performance of a motor skill were studied. Research supports the effectiveness of mental practice on performance; however, little is known about how much practice is needed and whether there is an optimal amount for these practice effects. Participants, 209 students ages 18 to 44 years (M=20.5, SD=2.9), completed a pre- and posttest of dart throwing with the nonpreferred hand. In the practice phase, participants completed either 25 (Mental Practice 25), 50 (Mental Practice 50), or 100 (Mental Practice 100) trials of the darts task or 50 trials of a catching task (Catching Task). Performance for all groups improved from pre- to posttest. Improvements for the three mental practice groups were greater than for the Catching Task group; however, there were no differences for the three Mental Practice groups. The findings support the positive effect of mental practice over a control condition and suggest that small amounts of mental practice may be sufficient for performance improvements, at least for a simple motor skill.
研究了不同数量的心理练习对运动技能表现的影响。研究支持心理练习对表现的有效性；然而，对于需要多少练习以及是否存在最佳练习量知之甚少。参与者为 209 名年龄在 18 至 44 岁之间的学生（M=20.5，SD=2.9），用非惯用手完成了飞镖投掷的前后测试。在练习阶段，参与者完成了 25 次（心理练习 25）、50 次（心理练习 50）或 100 次（心理练习 100）的飞镖任务，或 50 次的接球任务（接球任务）。所有组的表现都从预测试到后测试都有所提高。三个心理练习组的提高幅度大于接球任务组；然而，三个心理练习组之间没有差异。这些发现支持了心理练习对控制条件的积极影响，并表明少量的心理练习可能足以提高表现，至少对于简单的运动技能来说是如此。
