Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.
J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Feb;37(2):160-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01510.x. Epub 2009 Dec 21.
To determine (1) the cotinine levels of saliva, urine and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of children in families with and without smoking members and (2) a possible association between the periodontal health of the children and exposure to passive smoking.
The study population comprised of 109 children in the age range 6-12 years. Children were classified as exposed to passive tobacco smoking (PTS-exposed, n=51) and as unexposed controls (PTS-unexposed, n=58). Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. GCF, saliva and urine samples were also collected. The levels of cotinine in these fluids were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly increased in PTS-exposed children compared with PTS-unexposed children (p<0.05). Further, in a dose-dependent way, the mean salivary concentration was significantly higher in children whose father or mother was a smoker (p<0.05) as compared, respectively, with children whose fathers and mothers were non-smokers. The mean CAL was significantly less in PTS-exposed children compared with non-PTS-exposed children (0.09 mm; p<0.05) and also in children whose father was a smoker (p<0.05), but not in children whose mother was a smoker as compared with non-smoker fathers and mothers, respectively. The GCF cotinine levels were below the detection limits with the assay method that was used.
We have observed that children who are exposed to passive smoking have elevated cotinine levels in their saliva concomitant with a lowered CAL.
（1）确定有和无吸烟家庭成员的家庭中儿童的唾液、尿液和龈沟液（GCF）中的可替宁水平；（2）儿童牙周健康与被动吸烟暴露之间的可能关联。
研究人群包括 109 名年龄在 6-12 岁之间的儿童。儿童分为暴露于被动吸烟（PTS 暴露，n=51）和未暴露于被动吸烟的对照组（PTS 未暴露，n=58）。记录菌斑指数、牙龈指数、探诊出血、探诊深度和临床附着水平（CAL）。还收集了 GCF、唾液和尿液样本。通过酶联免疫吸附试验测定这些液体中的可替宁水平。
与 PTS 未暴露组相比，PTS 暴露组儿童的唾液可替宁浓度明显升高（p<0.05）。此外，以剂量依赖的方式，与父母均不吸烟的儿童相比，父亲或母亲吸烟的儿童的唾液平均浓度明显更高（p<0.05）。与非 PTS 暴露组相比，PTS 暴露组儿童的平均 CAL 明显更低（0.09mm；p<0.05），且父亲吸烟的儿童的 CAL 也明显更低（p<0.05），但母亲吸烟的儿童与非吸烟的父母相比，CAL 则无差异。所使用的检测方法中，GCF 中的可替宁水平低于检测限。
我们观察到，暴露于被动吸烟的儿童唾液中的可替宁水平升高，同时 CAL 降低。
