Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
BMC Microbiol. 2009 Dec 31;9:281. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-281.
Fumonisins are economically important mycotoxins which until recently were considered to originate from only a few Fusarium species. However recently a putative fumonisin gene cluster was discovered in two different Aspergillus niger strains followed by detection of an actual fumonisin B2 (FB2) production in four strains of this biotechnologically important workhorse.
In the present study, a screening of 5 A. niger strains and 25 assumed fumonisin producing Fusarium strains from 6 species, showed that all 5 A. niger strains produced FB2 and 23 of 25 Fusarium produced fumonisin B1 and other isoforms (fumonisin B2 and B3). Five A. niger and five Fusarium spp. were incubated at six different temperatures from 15-42 degrees C on Czapek Yeast Agar +5% salt or Potato Dextrose Agar. A. niger had the highest production of FB2 at 25-30 degrees C whereas Fusarium spp. had the maximal production of FB1 and FB2 at 20-25 degrees C. Addition of 2.5-5% NaCl, or 10-20% sucrose increased the FB2 production of A. niger, whereas addition of glycerol reduced FB2 production. All three water activity lowering solutes reduced the fumonisin production of the Fusarium species.
The present study shows that the regulation of fumonisin production is very different in A. niger and Fusarium, and that food and feeds preserved by addition of sugar or salts may be good substrates for fumonisin B2 production by A. niger.
伏马菌素是一种具有重要经济意义的霉菌毒素，直到最近，人们认为它仅来源于少数几种镰刀菌。然而，最近在两个不同的黑曲霉菌株中发现了一个假定的伏马菌素基因簇，随后在这个生物技术中非常重要的工作菌株的四个菌株中检测到了实际的伏马菌素 B2（FB2）的产生。
在本研究中，对 5 株黑曲霉菌株和 25 株来自 6 个种的假定产伏马菌素镰刀菌菌株进行了筛选，结果表明，所有 5 株黑曲霉菌株都产生了 FB2，25 株伏马菌素中 23 株产生了伏马菌素 B1 和其他同系物（伏马菌素 B2 和 B3）。在 Czapek 酵母琼脂+5%盐或马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上，将 5 株黑曲霉和 5 株镰刀菌菌株分别在 15-42℃的 6 个不同温度下培养。黑曲霉在 25-30℃时产生 FB2 的量最高，而镰刀菌在 20-25℃时产生 FB1 和 FB2 的量最高。添加 2.5-5%NaCl 或 10-20%蔗糖会增加黑曲霉 FB2 的产生，而添加甘油会降低 FB2 的产生。所有三种降低水活度的溶质都会降低镰刀菌的伏马菌素产生。
本研究表明，伏马菌素的产生在黑曲霉和镰刀菌中的调控方式非常不同，并且通过添加糖或盐来保存的食品和饲料可能是黑曲霉产生 FB2 的良好底物。
