Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Ophthalmology. 2010 Apr;117(4):693-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.09.037. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
To evaluate the refractive error and its associations in the adult population of rural Central India.
Population-based study.
The Central India Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study performed in a markedly rural region in Central India. It included 4711 subjects (aged 30 years or older) of 5885 eligible subjects (response rate, 80.1%).
The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic and medical examination, including standardized questions on the socioeconomic background, lifestyle, and social relations. This study was focused on the refractive error, the prevalence of hyperopia and myopia, and its factors.
Refractive error.
After exclusion of pseudophakic or aphakic eyes, 9076 (96.3%) eyes of 4619 (98.0%) subjects (2472 females) were included into the study. The mean refractive error was -0.20+/-1.51 diopters (D). Myopia of more than -0.50 D, -1.0 D, more than -6.0 D, and more than -8 D occurred in 17.0+/-0.6%, 13.0+/-0.5%, 0.9+/-1.4%, and 0.4+/-0.1% of the subjects, respectively. Hyperopia of more than 0.50 D was detected in 18.0+/-0.6% of the subjects. Refractive error was associated significantly (i.e., became more hyperopic) with lower age (P<0.001), lower best-corrected visual acuity (P<0.001), lower corneal refractive power (P<0.001), and shorter axial length (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, refractive error was not significantly associated with the level of education (P = 0.56). High myopia (>-8 D) was associated significantly with male gender (P = 0.03) and lower best-corrected visual acuity (P<0.001). Mean anisometropia was 0.41+/-1.02 D. It was associated significantly with age (P<0.001), myopic refractive error (P<0.001), and lower best-corrected visual acuity (P<0.001). The mean astigmatic error was 0.29+/-0.60 D and was associated significantly with higher age (P<0.001), level of education (P = 0.01), lower best-corrected visual acuity (P<0.001), and higher corneal refractive power (P<0.001).
The rural population of Central India has not experienced a myopic shift as described for many urban populations at the Pacific Rim. Correspondingly, the relatively low level of education was not associated with myopia. Urbanization may be a major factor for myopization.
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评估印度中部农村地区成年人群的屈光不正及其相关因素。
基于人群的研究。
印度中部眼与医学研究是一项基于人群的研究，在印度中部一个明显的农村地区进行。它包括 4711 名（年龄在 30 岁或以上）符合条件的 5885 名受试者中的 5885 名（应答率为 80.1%）。
参与者接受了详细的眼科和医学检查，包括关于社会经济背景、生活方式和社会关系的标准化问题。本研究主要关注屈光不正、远视和近视的患病率及其相关因素。
屈光不正。
排除假晶状体或无晶状体眼后，4619 名（2472 名女性）受试者的 9076 只（96.3%）眼纳入研究。平均屈光度为-0.20+/-1.51 屈光度（D）。近视>-0.50 D、-1.0 D、>-6.0 D 和>-8.0 D 的发生率分别为 17.0+/-0.6%、13.0+/-0.5%、0.9+/-1.4%和 0.4+/-0.1%。远视>0.50 D 的发生率为 18.0+/-0.6%。屈光不正与年龄较低（P<0.001）、最佳矫正视力较低（P<0.001）、角膜屈光力较低（P<0.001）和眼轴较短（P<0.001）显著相关（即变得更远视）。多变量分析显示，屈光不正与教育程度无显著相关性（P=0.56）。高度近视（>-8.0 D）与男性（P=0.03）和最佳矫正视力较低显著相关（P<0.001）。平均屈光参差为 0.41+/-1.02 D。它与年龄（P<0.001）、近视屈光不正（P<0.001）和最佳矫正视力较低（P<0.001）显著相关。平均散光为 0.29+/-0.60 D，与年龄较大（P<0.001）、教育程度较高（P=0.01）、最佳矫正视力较低（P<0.001）和角膜屈光力较高（P<0.001）显著相关。
印度中部农村地区的人群没有像许多环太平洋地区的城市人群那样经历近视漂移。相应地，相对较低的教育水平与近视无关。城市化可能是近视的一个主要因素。
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