印度南部农村人口屈光不正的患病率。

Prevalence of refractive errors in a rural South Indian population.

作者信息

Raju Prema, Ramesh S Ve, Arvind Hemamalini, George Ronnie, Baskaran Mani, Paul Pradeep G, Kumaramanickavel Govindasamy, McCarty Catherine, Vijaya Lingam

机构信息

Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.

出版信息

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Dec;45(12):4268-72. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-0221.

DOI:10.1167/iovs.04-0221

PMID:15557431

Abstract

PURPOSE

To report the prevalence of refractive errors in a rural south Indian population.

METHODS

Four thousand eight hundred subjects (age, >39 years) from rural south India were enumerated for a population-based study. All participants underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation. Subjects who were phakic in the right eye with best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better were included for analysis. Association of refractive errors with age, sex, cataract, and diabetes mellitus were analyzed.

RESULTS

Of the 3924 responders, 2508 were eligible. The unadjusted prevalence of emmetropia (spherical equivalent [SE], -0.50 to +0.50 diopter sphere [DS]), myopia (SE < -0.50 DS), high myopia (SE < -5.00 DS), and hyperopia (SE > 0.50 DS) were 50.60%, 26.99%, 3.71%, and 18.70% and age and gender adjusted for the rural Tamil Nadu population were 46.77%, 30.97%, 4.32%, and 17.94%, respectively. The prevalence of emmetropia decreased significantly with age (P < 0.0001), and the prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased significantly with age (P < 0.001) and were significantly associated with nuclear sclerosis (P < 0.001). The prevalence of hyperopia increased until 60 years of age and then decreased. Hyperopia was more common among women than men (P < 0.001) and was negatively associated with nuclear sclerosis (P < 0.001) and positively with diabetes mellitus (P = 0.008). Of the participants with astigmatism (cylindrical error greater than 0.50 DC), 9.80% had with-the-rule (WTR) and 77.44% against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism. The prevalence of WTR and ATR astigmatism significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and increased (P = 0.006) with age, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The pattern of refractive errors in this rural south Indian population is similar to those reported in other tropical regions of the world.

摘要

目的

报告印度南部农村人群屈光不正的患病率。

方法

对来自印度南部农村的4800名受试者（年龄>39岁）进行基于人群的研究。所有参与者均接受了全面的眼科评估。纳入右眼有晶状体且最佳矫正视力为20/40或更好的受试者进行分析。分析屈光不正与年龄、性别、白内障和糖尿病之间的关联。

结果

在3924名应答者中，2508名符合条件。正视（球镜等效度[SE]，-0.50至+0.50屈光度球镜[DS]）、近视（SE<-0.50 DS）、高度近视（SE<-5.00 DS）和远视（SE>0.50 DS）的未调整患病率分别为50.60%、26.99%、3.71%和18.70%，针对泰米尔纳德邦农村人口进行年龄和性别调整后的患病率分别为46.77%、30.97%、4.32%和17.94%。正视的患病率随年龄显著降低（P<0.0001），近视和高度近视的患病率随年龄显著增加（P<0.001），且与核硬化显著相关（P<0.001）。远视患病率在60岁之前增加，之后降低。远视在女性中比男性更常见（P<0.001），与核硬化呈负相关（P<0.001），与糖尿病呈正相关（P = 0.008）。在散光（柱镜误差大于0.50 DC）参与者中，9.80%为顺规散光（WTR），77.44%为逆规散光（ATR）。WTR和ATR散光的患病率分别随年龄显著降低（P<0.001）和增加（P = 0.006）。