Schwartz J, Levin R
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460.
Environ Res. 1991 Feb;54(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80189-6.
While lead paint has long been known to be a major source of lead poisoning, only a few small epidemiologic studies have attempted to assess directly the relative risk of lead poisoning due to the presence of lead paint. Using data from over 200,000 screening tests of children in the city of Chicago performed between 1976 and 1980, the relative risks can be quantified for children living in a major urban area. Lead paint was found to be a significant predictor of the probability of a child having lead toxicity. As expected, the reduction in leaded gasoline sales during the period reduced mean blood lead levels and increased the percentage of lead toxic children whose toxicity could be attributed to paint lead. Poisson regression models indicated that with the elimination of leaded gasoline, the relative risk of lead toxicity given lead paint exposure was 5.70 (95% CI, 4.13-7.86) during the winter and fall. The relative risk rose to 12.81 (95% CI, 7.33-22.4) in the spring and 15.8 (95% CI, 8.90-28.1) in the summer, probably due to increased exposure to window wells.
长期以来，人们都知道含铅油漆是铅中毒的主要来源，但只有少数小型流行病学研究试图直接评估因含铅油漆导致铅中毒的相对风险。利用1976年至1980年间在芝加哥市对20多万名儿童进行筛查测试的数据，可以量化生活在主要城市地区儿童的相对风险。结果发现，含铅油漆是儿童铅中毒可能性的一个重要预测指标。不出所料，在此期间含铅汽油销量的下降降低了儿童的平均血铅水平，并增加了其铅中毒可归因于油漆铅的儿童比例。泊松回归模型表明，随着含铅汽油的淘汰，在冬季和秋季，接触含铅油漆的儿童发生铅中毒的相对风险为5.70（95%置信区间，4.13 - 7.86）。在春季，相对风险升至12.81（95%置信区间，7.33 - 22.4），夏季则为15.8（95%置信区间，8.90 - 28.1），这可能是由于接触窗户井的机会增加所致。
