Institute for Health and Aging at the University of, California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2010 Jan-Feb;29(1):11-21. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0535.
Long-term care in the United States is needed by 10.9 million community residents, half of them nonelderly, and 1.8 million nursing home residents, predominantly elderly. Ninety-two percent of community residents receive unpaid help, while 13 percent receive paid help. Paid community-based long-term care services are primarily funded by Medicaid or Medicare, while nursing home stays are primarily paid for by Medicaid plus out-of-pocket copayments. Per person expenditures are five times as high, and national expenditures three times as high, for nursing home residents compared to community residents. This suggests that a redistribution of spending across care settings might produce substantial savings or permit service expansions.
美国有 1090 万社区居民需要长期护理，其中一半是非老年人，180 万疗养院居民，主要是老年人。92%的社区居民接受无偿帮助，而 13%的居民接受有偿帮助。有偿社区长期护理服务主要由医疗补助或医疗保险支付，而疗养院的费用主要由医疗补助加自付额支付。与社区居民相比，疗养院居民的人均支出高 5 倍，全国支出高 3 倍。这表明，在护理环境之间重新分配支出可能会产生大量节省或允许扩大服务。
