Nutrition and Health Unit, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
Diabetologia. 2010 Mar;53(3):406-18. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1629-8. Epub 2010 Jan 5.
In recent years, several alternative dietary approaches, including high-protein and low-glycaemic-load diets, have produced faster rates of weight loss than traditional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets. These diets share an under-recognised unifying mechanism: the reduction of postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia. Similarly, some food patterns and specific foods (potatoes, white bread, soft drinks) characterised by hyperglycaemia are associated with higher risk of adiposity and type 2 diabetes. Profound compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, exacerbated by overweight, occurs during critical periods of physiological insulin resistance such as pregnancy and puberty. The dramatic rise in gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes in the young may therefore be traced to food patterns that exaggerate postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia. The dietary strategy with the strongest evidence of being able to prevent type 2 diabetes is not the accepted low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, but alternative dietary approaches that reduce postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia without adversely affecting other risk factors.
近年来，一些替代饮食方法，包括高蛋白和低血糖负荷饮食，比传统的低脂、高碳水化合物饮食能更快地减轻体重。这些饮食方法有一个未被充分认识的统一机制：降低餐后血糖和胰岛素水平。同样，一些食物模式和特定食物（土豆、白面包、软饮料）表现出的高血糖与肥胖和 2 型糖尿病的风险增加有关。超重时会发生严重的代偿性高胰岛素血症，这种情况在妊娠和青春期等生理胰岛素抵抗的关键时期更为明显。因此，妊娠期糖尿病和青少年 2 型糖尿病的急剧增加可能与那些使餐后血糖和胰岛素水平升高的饮食模式有关。有最强证据表明能够预防 2 型糖尿病的饮食策略不是公认的低脂、高碳水化合物饮食，而是那些能降低餐后血糖和胰岛素水平而又不影响其他危险因素的替代饮食方法。
