Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2010 Jan;46(1):245-57. doi: 10.1037/a0016538.
The current study tested a set of interrelated theoretical propositions based on self-control theory (M. R. Gottfredson & T. Hirschi 1990). Data were collected on 1,155 children at 4.5 years, at 8.5 years (3rd grade), and at 10.5 years (5th grade) as part of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development longitudinal study over a 6-year period. Findings based on simple structural equation models and latent growth modeling of developmental trajectories suggest that (a) there was great construct stability of self-control and deviance over the 6-year period, (b) there was positive growth in self-control trajectory over time, (c) parenting predicted this trajectory but also explained variability in self-control at initial status, (d) there was a declining deviance trajectory over time, (e) self-control at initial status reduced the unexplained deviance variance by 44.8%, and (f) both the intercept and slope factors shared about 75% of the variance based on growth-to-growth curve predictive models of self-control and deviance. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for self-control theory and future empirical work.
本研究基于自我控制理论（M.R. Gottfredson 和 T. Hirschi，1990）检验了一组相互关联的理论假设。数据来自国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所的纵向研究，共涉及 1155 名儿童，他们在 4.5 岁、8.5 岁（三年级）和 10.5 岁（五年级）时接受了为期 6 年的测试。基于简单结构方程模型和发展轨迹的潜在增长模型的研究结果表明：（a）自我控制和偏差在 6 年期间具有很大的结构稳定性；（b）自我控制轨迹随时间呈正增长；（c）父母教养方式可以预测该轨迹，但也可以解释自我控制在初始状态的可变性；（d）偏差轨迹随时间呈下降趋势；（e）初始状态的自我控制减少了 44.8%的未解释偏差方差；（f）基于自我控制和偏差的增长到增长曲线预测模型，截距和斜率因素共享约 75%的方差。研究结果从自我控制理论和未来的实证工作的角度进行了讨论。
