Developmental Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Dev Cell. 2009 Dec;17(6):755-73. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.11.008.
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that acts in low-oxygen conditions. The cellular response to HIF activation is transcriptional upregulation of a large group of genes. Some target genes promote anaerobic metabolism to reduce oxygen consumption, while others "alleviate" hypoxia by acting non-cell-autonomously to extend and modify the surrounding vasculature. Although hypoxia is often thought of as being a pathological phenomenon, the mammalian embryo in fact develops in a low-oxygen environment, and in this context HIF has additional responsibilities. This review describes how low oxygen and HIF affect gene expression, cell behavior, and ultimately morphogenesis of the embryo and placenta.
缺氧诱导因子（HIF）是一种在低氧条件下起作用的转录因子。细胞对 HIF 激活的反应是一组大量基因的转录上调。一些靶基因促进无氧代谢以减少氧气消耗，而另一些靶基因则通过非细胞自主作用来扩展和修饰周围的脉管系统，从而“缓解”低氧。尽管缺氧通常被认为是一种病理现象，但哺乳动物胚胎实际上是在低氧环境中发育的，在这种情况下，HIF 还有其他的责任。这篇综述描述了低氧和 HIF 如何影响基因表达、细胞行为，并最终影响胚胎和胎盘的形态发生。
