Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hum Mov Sci. 2010 Feb;29(1):149-63. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.09.003. Epub 2010 Jan 12.
Over the last decades or so, empirical studies of perception, action, learning, and development have revealed that participants vary in what variable they detect and often rely on nonspecifying variables. This casts doubt on the Gibsonian conception of information as specification. It is argued that a recent ecological conception of information has solved important problems, but insufficiently explains what determines the object of perception. Drawing on recent work on developmental systems, we sketch the outlines of an alternative conception of perceptual information. It is argued that perceptual information does not reside in the ambient arrays; rather, perceptual information is a relational property of patterns in the array and perceptual processes. What a pattern in the ambient flow informs about depends on the perceiver who uses it. We explore the implications of this alternative conception of information for the ecological approach to perception and action.
在过去的几十年里，对感知、行动、学习和发展的实证研究表明，参与者在检测哪些变量方面存在差异，并且经常依赖于非指定变量。这对吉布森将信息视为特定内容的概念提出了质疑。有人认为，最近的一种生态信息概念已经解决了重要问题，但对决定感知对象的因素解释得还不够充分。我们借鉴了最近关于发展系统的研究工作，概述了一种替代的感知信息概念。我们认为，感知信息并不存在于环境数组中；相反，感知信息是数组和感知过程中模式的关系属性。环境流中的模式能提供什么信息取决于使用它的感知者。我们探讨了这种替代信息概念对感知和行动的生态方法的影响。
