Heras-Escribano Manuel, De Pinedo-García Manuel
Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Alberto Hurtado University, Santiago, Chile.
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Filosofía I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jan 9;8:2294. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02294. eCollection 2017.
In this paper we reject the nature-culture dichotomy by means of the idea of affordance or possibility for action, which has important implications for landscape theory. Our hypothesis is that, just as the idea of affordance can serve to overcome the subjective-objective dichotomy, the ideas of landscape and ecological niche, properly defined, would allow us to also transcend the nature-culture dichotomy. First, we introduce an overview of landscape theory, emphasizing processual landscape theory as the most suitable approach for satisfying both cultural and naturalist approaches. After that, we introduce the idea of affordance and we analyze a tension between sociocultural and transcultural affordances (affordances that depend on cultural conventions and affordances that depend on lawful information and bodily aspects of agents). This tension has various implications for landscape theory and ecological niches. Our proposal is that sociocultural and transcultural aspects of affordances could be systematically accommodated if we apply niche construction theory (the theory that explains the process by which organisms modify their selective environments) as a methodological framework for explaining the emergence of ecological niches. This approach will lead us to an integrative account of landscapes as the products of the interaction between human and environmental elements, making it a clear example of a concept that transcends the nature-culture dichotomy.
在本文中，我们借助可供性或行动可能性的概念来摒弃自然与文化的二分法，这对景观理论具有重要意义。我们的假设是，正如可供性的概念有助于克服主观与客观的二分法一样，恰当定义的景观和生态位概念将使我们也能够超越自然与文化的二分法。首先，我们对景观理论进行概述，强调过程性景观理论是最适合兼顾文化和自然主义方法的途径。之后，我们引入可供性的概念，并分析社会文化可供性与跨文化可供性（依赖文化习俗的可供性和依赖合法信息及主体身体方面的可供性）之间的一种张力。这种张力对景观理论和生态位有诸多影响。我们的提议是，如果我们将生态位构建理论（解释生物体改变其选择环境的过程的理论）作为解释生态位出现的方法论框架，可供性的社会文化和跨文化方面就能得到系统的协调。这种方法将引导我们对景观进行综合阐释，将其视为人类与环境要素相互作用的产物，使其成为一个超越自然与文化二分法的清晰概念示例。
