Chung Caroline, Al Ali Jaber, Owen David A, Weiss Alan A, Yoshida Eric M, Tai Isabella T
Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 600 W10th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
Cases J. 2009 Dec 17;2:9344. doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-9344.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver worldwide. The incidence of HCC is increasing in North America secondary to rises in chronic liver disease from alcohol abuse and viral hepatitis. HCC most commonly metastasizes hematogenously or through lymphatics to the lungs and regional lymph nodes. Involvement of small bowel is rare and typically results from direct invasion and extension. We examined the molecular features related to this extremely rare case of isolated duodenal metastasis of HCC and noted p53 and Ki-67 positive staining. Here, we review the possible molecular and immunohistochemical studies that may aid definitive diagnosis and the evidence for the management of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球最常见的肝脏原发性肿瘤。在北美，由于酒精滥用和病毒性肝炎导致的慢性肝病增多，HCC的发病率正在上升。HCC最常通过血液或淋巴系统转移至肺部和区域淋巴结。小肠受累罕见，通常是由直接侵犯和蔓延所致。我们研究了与这例极其罕见的孤立性HCC十二指肠转移病例相关的分子特征，并发现p53和Ki-67呈阳性染色。在此，我们回顾了可能有助于明确诊断的分子和免疫组化研究以及转移性肝细胞癌管理的证据。
