Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Jun 1;109(1-3):30-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.022. Epub 2010 Jan 12.
A new training to decrease attentional bias (attentional bias modification training, ABM) was tested in a randomized controlled experimental study with alcohol-dependent patients as an addition to cognitive behavioral therapy. In alcohol dependence, attentional bias has been associated with severity of alcoholism, craving, treatment outcome, and relapse. Forty-three patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence were randomly assigned to an ABM intervention or control training. The procedure consisted of five sessions in which patients were trained to disengage attention from alcohol-related stimuli (ABM condition) or in which they were trained on an irrelevant reaction-time test (control condition). We measured the effects of ABM on the visual-probe task, with stimuli that were presented in the ABM and with new stimuli. Craving was measured with the Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire. Follow-up data were gathered for overall treatment success, and relapse up to 3 months after the intervention. ABM was effective in increasing the ability to disengage from alcohol-related cues. This effect generalized to untrained, new stimuli. There were no significant effects on subjective craving. For other outcome measures there were indications of clinically relevant effects. Results indicate that ABM among alcohol-dependent patients was effective and that it may affect treatment progression. Large-scale trials are warranted to further investigate this new field.
一项新的减少注意力偏差的训练（注意偏差修改训练，ABM）在一项随机对照实验研究中对酒精依赖患者进行了测试，作为认知行为治疗的补充。在酒精依赖中，注意力偏差与酗酒的严重程度、渴望、治疗效果和复发有关。43 名符合 DSM-IV 酒精依赖诊断的患者被随机分配到 ABM 干预组或对照组。该程序包括五个疗程，在疗程中，患者被训练将注意力从与酒精相关的刺激中转移出来（ABM 条件），或者在无关的反应时间测试中接受训练（对照组）。我们使用视觉探针任务来衡量 ABM 的效果，任务中呈现的是 ABM 中的刺激和新的刺激。渴望用酒精渴望问卷来衡量。对总体治疗成功和干预后 3 个月内的复发进行了随访数据收集。ABM 有效地提高了从与酒精相关的线索中转移注意力的能力。这种效果推广到了未经训练的新刺激。对主观渴望没有显著影响。对于其他的评估指标，有迹象表明存在临床相关的效果。结果表明，ABM 对酒精依赖患者是有效的，它可能会影响治疗进展。需要进行大规模的试验来进一步研究这个新领域。
