Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2010 Jun;18(3):236-44. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2009.2033428. Epub 2009 Oct 6.
Many new assistive devices are available for individuals paralyzed below the neck due to spinal cord injury. Severely paralyzed individuals must be able to command their complex assistive devices using remaining activity from the neck up. Electromyographic (EMG) sensors enable people to use contractions of head and neck muscles to generate multiple proportional command signals. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals can also be used to generate commands for assistive device control by conveying information about imagined or attempted movements. Fully-implanted wireless biopotential detection systems are now being developed to reliably detect EMGs, EEGs, or a mixture of the two from recording electrodes implanted just under the skin or scalp thus eliminating the need for externally worn hardware on the head or face. This present study shows how novel patterns of jaw muscle contractions, detected via biopotential sensors on the scalp surface or implanted just under the scalp, can be used to generate reliable discrete EMG commands, which can be differentiated from patterns generated during normal activities, such as chewing. These jaw contractions can be detected with sensors already in place to detect other muscle- or brain-based command signals thus adding to the functionality of current device control systems.
许多新的辅助设备可用于因脊髓损伤而导致颈部以下瘫痪的个体。严重瘫痪的个体必须能够使用颈部以上的剩余活动来指挥他们复杂的辅助设备。肌电图（EMG）传感器使人们能够使用头部和颈部肌肉的收缩来生成多个比例命令信号。脑电图（EEG）信号也可用于通过传达有关想象或尝试运动的信息来生成辅助设备控制命令。现在正在开发完全植入的无线生物电位检测系统，以从仅植入皮肤或头皮下的记录电极可靠地检测 EMG、EEG 或两者的混合信号，从而消除了对头或面部佩戴外部硬件的需求。本研究表明，如何通过头皮表面或仅植入头皮下的生物电位传感器检测到的新型下颌肌肉收缩模式可用于生成可靠的离散 EMG 命令，这些命令可与咀嚼等正常活动期间生成的模式区分开来。可以使用已经存在的传感器来检测这些下颌收缩，从而增加当前设备控制系统的功能。
