Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jan;82(1):16-22. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.08-0584.
We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded trial to determine the health impact of daily use of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets for household drinking water treatment in periurban Ghana. We randomized 240 households (3,240 individuals) to receive either NaDCC or placebo tablets. All households received a 20-liter safe water storage vvessel. Over 12 weeks, 446 diarrhea episodes (2.2%) occurred in intervention and 404 (2.0%) in control households (P = 0.38). Residual free chlorine levels indicated appropriate tablet use. Escherichia coli was found in stored water at baseline in 96% of intervention and 88% of control households and at final evaluation in 8% of intervention and 54% of control households (P = 0.002). NaDCC use did not prevent diarrhea but improved water quality. Diarrhea rates were low and water quality improved in both groups. Safe water storage vessels may have been protective. A follow-up health impact study of NaDCC tablets is warranted.
我们进行了一项随机、安慰剂对照、三盲试验，以确定在加纳城郊地区家庭饮用水处理中每日使用二氯异氰尿酸钠（NaDCC）片剂对健康的影响。我们将 240 户家庭（3240 人）随机分为接受 NaDCC 或安慰剂片剂的两组。所有家庭都收到了一个 20 升的安全水储存容器。在 12 周的时间里，干预组有 446 例（2.2%）腹泻发作，对照组有 404 例（2.0%）（P=0.38）。残留游离氯水平表明片剂使用得当。在基线时，干预组有 96%的家庭和对照组有 88%的家庭的储存水中发现了大肠杆菌，在最终评估时，干预组有 8%的家庭和对照组有 54%的家庭发现了大肠杆菌（P=0.002）。NaDCC 的使用并没有预防腹泻，但改善了水质。两组的腹泻率都很低，水质也都有所改善。安全水储存容器可能具有保护作用。需要对 NaDCC 片剂的后续健康影响进行研究。
