Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan 14;16(2):143-55. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i2.143.
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a relatively common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, but might also occur in absence of an overt liver disease. Several causes, either local or systemic, might play an important role in PVT pathogenesis. Frequently, more than one risk factor could be identified; however, occasionally no single factor is discernable. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging are helpful to provide a quick diagnosis, as prompt treatment might greatly affect a patient's outcome. In this review, we analyze the physiopathological mechanisms of PVT development, together with the hemodynamic and functional alterations related to this condition. Moreover, we describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development and the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Finally, we analyze the implications of PVT in the setting of liver transplantation and its possible influence on patients' future prognoses.
门静脉血栓形成（PVT）是肝硬化患者较为常见的并发症，但也可能在无明显肝脏疾病的情况下发生。局部或全身性的多种原因可能在 PVT 的发病机制中起重要作用。通常，可以确定不止一个危险因素；但是，偶尔也找不到单一的原因。临床检查、实验室检查和影像学检查有助于快速诊断，因为及时治疗可能会极大地影响患者的预后。在这篇综述中，我们分析了 PVT 发展的病理生理机制，以及与该疾病相关的血流动力学和功能改变。此外，我们还描述了 PVT 发展过程中最常涉及的主要因素以及关于诊断和治疗程序的最新知识。最后，我们分析了 PVT 在肝移植中的意义及其对患者未来预后的可能影响。
