El Hamri Najat
Islamic Relief Worldwide, Policy and Research Unit, Birmingham, UK.
J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2010 Jan;36(1):27-31. doi: 10.1783/147118910790291019.
Addressing the cultural and religious beliefs around the issue of family planning has been a big challenge for the international development community. The concept of family planning has raised some concerns regarding its acceptability within Muslim populations. While some Muslim states and organisations have adopted a rather cautious approach to the issue, others have gone to the extent of inviting religious leaders to present religiously sound interpretations (fatwa) on the subject. Alongside these deliberations are some alarming statistics on maternal health. The World Health Organization estimates that worldwide 211 million women become pregnant each year and that about two-thirds of them deliver live infants. The remaining one-third of pregnancies end in miscarriage, stillbirth or induced abortion. Some 200 million women in developing countries have an unmet need for effective contraception. These statistics and the ongoing discussion surrounding family planning in the Muslim communities raise legitimate questions. How is family planning perceived within the Muslim community? Does Islam address the issue of family planning? Is it permissible? How should appropriate family planning programmes within Muslim settings be developed and applied? This article seeks to present the ongoing debate on family planning within the Muslim community and offer recommendations to organisations for effective strategy implementation of family planning programmes within Muslim settings. The article provides a brief background on the historical development of family planning in the Muslim community, and outlines Muslim perceptions on this issue. It concludes with recommendations for non-governmental organisations on how to effectively implement acceptable family planning programmes within Muslim settings.
应对围绕计划生育问题的文化和宗教信仰，对国际发展界来说一直是一项巨大挑战。计划生育的概念引发了一些关于其在穆斯林人口中可接受性的担忧。虽然一些穆斯林国家和组织对该问题采取了相当谨慎的态度，但其他国家和组织甚至邀请宗教领袖就该主题给出符合宗教教义的解释（法特瓦）。在这些讨论的同时，还有一些关于孕产妇健康的惊人统计数据。世界卫生组织估计，全球每年有2.11亿妇女怀孕，其中约三分之二分娩活婴。其余三分之一的怀孕以流产、死产或人工流产告终。发展中国家约有2亿妇女有未得到满足的有效避孕需求。这些统计数据以及穆斯林社区围绕计划生育的持续讨论引发了一些合理问题。穆斯林社区如何看待计划生育？伊斯兰教是否涉及计划生育问题？是否允许？在穆斯林环境中应如何制定和应用适当的计划生育方案？本文旨在介绍穆斯林社区内关于计划生育的持续辩论，并就如何在穆斯林环境中有效实施计划生育方案向各组织提供建议。文章简要介绍了穆斯林社区计划生育的历史发展背景，并概述了穆斯林对该问题的看法。最后就非政府组织如何在穆斯林环境中有效实施可接受的计划生育方案提出了建议。
