Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90025, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:385-98. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103600.
Significant public health problems associated with methamphetamine (MA) production and use in the United States have emerged over the past 25 years; however, there has been considerable controversy about the size of the problem. Epidemiological indicators have provided a mixed picture. National surveys of the adult U.S. population and school-based populations have consistently been used to support the position that MA use is a relatively minor concern. However, many other data sources, including law-enforcement groups, welfare agencies, substance abuse treatment program admissions, criminal justice agencies, and state/county executives indicate that MA is a very significant public health problem for many communities throughout much of the country. In this article, we describe (a) the historical underpinnings of the MA problem, (b) epidemiological trends in MA use, (c) key subgroups at risk for MA problems, (d) the health and social factors associated with MA use, (e) interventions available for addressing the MA problem, and (f) lessons learned from past efforts addressing the MA problem.
在过去的 25 年中，美国与甲基苯丙胺（MA）生产和使用相关的重大公共卫生问题已经显现；然而，对于该问题的严重程度一直存在相当大的争议。流行病学指标给出的是一幅混杂的图景。美国成年人和基于学校的人群的全国性调查一直被用来支持这样一种立场，即 MA 使用是一个相对较小的问题。然而，许多其他数据源，包括执法机构、福利机构、药物滥用治疗计划的入院人数、刑事司法机构以及州/县行政部门，表明 MA 是该国许多社区的一个非常严重的公共卫生问题。在本文中，我们描述了（a）MA 问题的历史背景，（b）MA 使用的流行病学趋势，（c）有 MA 问题风险的关键亚组，（d）与 MA 使用相关的健康和社会因素，（e）解决 MA 问题可用的干预措施，以及（f）从过去解决 MA 问题的努力中吸取的经验教训。
