Division of Cancer Studies, New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
Biochem J. 2010 Jan 15;425(3):465-73. doi: 10.1042/BJ20091173.
The Rho-family GTPases Rho Rac and Cdc42 regulate many intracellular processes through their interaction with downstream effector proteins. The PAKs (p21-activated kinases) are a family of effector proteins for Rac and Cdc42. PAKs are important regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, neurite outgrowth, cell survival, hormone signalling and gene transcription. There are six mammalian PAKs that can be divided into two groups: group I PAKs (PAK1-3) and group II PAKs (PAK4-6). Although the two PAK groups are architecturally similar, there are differences in their mode of regulation, suggesting that their cellular functions are likely to be different. Whereas much is known about group I PAKs, less is known about the more recently discovered PAK4, PAK5 and PAK6. This review will focus on the latest structural and functional results relating to the group II PAKs and discuss the emerging importance of group II PAKs in disease progression.
Rho 家族 GTPases Rho Rac 和 Cdc42 通过与下游效应蛋白的相互作用来调节许多细胞内过程。PAKs（p21 激活激酶）是 Rac 和 Cdc42 的效应蛋白家族。PAKs 是肌动蛋白细胞骨架动态、神经突生长、细胞存活、激素信号和基因转录的重要调节剂。有六种哺乳动物 PAKs 可以分为两组：I 组 PAKs（PAK1-3）和 II 组 PAKs（PAK4-6）。尽管这两个 PAK 组在结构上相似，但它们的调节方式存在差异，表明它们的细胞功能可能不同。虽然对 I 组 PAKs 了解较多，但对最近发现的 PAK4、PAK5 和 PAK6 了解较少。这篇综述将重点介绍与 II 组 PAKs 相关的最新结构和功能结果，并讨论 II 组 PAKs 在疾病进展中的重要性。
