Department of Biological Structure and the National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
J Neurosci. 2010 Jan 13;30(2):568-72. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4738-09.2010.
The neural coding of human color vision begins in the retina. The outputs of long (L)-, middle (M)-, and short (S)-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptors combine antagonistically to produce "red-green" and "blue-yellow" spectrally opponent signals (Hering, 1878; Hurvich and Jameson, 1957). Spectral opponency is well established in primate retinal ganglion cells (Reid and Shapley, 1992; Dacey and Lee, 1994; Dacey et al., 1996), but the retinal circuitry creating the opponency remains uncertain. Here we find, from whole-cell recordings of photoreceptors in macaque monkey, that "blue-yellow" opponency is already present in the center-surround receptive fields of S cones. The inward current evoked by blue light derives from phototransduction within the outer segment of the S cone. The outward current evoked by yellow light is caused by feedback from horizontal cells that are driven by surrounding L and M cones. Stimulation of the surround modulates calcium conductance in the center S cone.
人类颜色视觉的神经编码始于视网膜。长（L）、中（M）和短（S）波长敏感视锥光感受器的输出拮抗地结合，产生“红-绿”和“蓝-黄”光谱对立信号（Hering，1878；Hurvich 和 Jameson，1957）。在灵长类动物视网膜神经节细胞中，光谱对立性得到了很好的证实（Reid 和 Shapley，1992；Dacey 和 Lee，1994；Dacey 等人，1996），但产生对立性的视网膜回路仍然不确定。在这里，我们从猕猴视锥细胞的全细胞膜片钳记录中发现，“蓝-黄”对立性已经存在于 S 锥体细胞的中心-周围感受野中。蓝光引起的内向电流来源于 S 锥体细胞外段的光转化。黄光引起的外向电流是由水平细胞反馈引起的，水平细胞受周围的 L 和 M 锥体细胞驱动。刺激周围会调节中心 S 锥体细胞的钙电导。
