Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington 22202, USA.
Conserv Biol. 2009 Dec;23(6):1448-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01334.x.
We reviewed the evidence on the extent and efficacy of conservation of tropical forest biodiversity for each of the classes of conservation action defined by the new International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classification. Protected areas are the most tested conservation approach, and a number of studies show they are generally effective in slowing deforestation. There is some documentation of the extent of sustainable timber management in tropical forest, but little information on other landscape-conservation tactics. The extent and effectiveness of ex situ species conservation is quite well known. Forty-one tropical-forest species now survive only in captivity. Other single-species conservation actions are not as well documented. The potential of policy mechanisms, such as international conventions and provision of funds, to slow extinctions in tropical forests is considerable, but the effects of policy are difficult to measure. Finally, interventions to promote tropical conservation by supporting education and livelihoods, providing incentives, and furthering capacity building are all thought to be important, but their extent and effectiveness remain poorly known. For birds, the best studied taxon, the sum of such conservation actions has averted one-fifth of the extinctions that would otherwise have occurred over the last century. Clearly, tropical forest conservation works, but more is needed, as is critical assessment of what works in what circumstances, if mass extinction is to be averted.
我们回顾了证据，以了解新的国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）分类所定义的每一类保护行动在多大程度上以及在保护热带森林生物多样性方面的有效性。保护区是经过最多测试的保护方法，有多项研究表明它们通常可以有效地减缓森林砍伐。关于可持续木材管理在热带森林中的程度有一些记录，但关于其他景观保护策略的信息很少。关于异地物种保护的程度和效果是相当明确的。现在，有 41 种热带森林物种仅在圈养中生存。其他单一物种的保护行动记录较少。政策机制（如国际公约和资金提供）减缓热带森林物种灭绝的潜力相当大，但政策的效果难以衡量。最后，通过支持教育和生计、提供激励和加强能力建设来促进热带保护的干预措施被认为是重要的，但它们的程度和效果仍然知之甚少。对于鸟类这一研究最多的分类群来说，这些保护行动的总和避免了上个世纪本应发生的五分之一的灭绝。显然，热带森林保护是有效的，但还需要更多的保护，还需要对在什么情况下什么有效进行关键评估，以避免大规模灭绝。
